Antagonistic personality trait patterns and cooperative behavior: A multi-component approach

尽管基本人格特征的差异可以说是适应性的，但极端特质水平可能会变得个体不适应，从而在不同的领域产生问题，如社会互动。根据具体问题的不同，可以区分不同的适应不良特质水平，其中有几种分别具有高对抗性或低特质宜人性的特征。这些对抗性特质模式可以被标记为对应于人格强调或人格障碍的术语(即反社会、边缘、自恋和偏执)。尽管高度对抗性或合作意愿降低分别是ATP的共同点，但人们对不合作的确切性质和细微差别以及具体(不适应)基本特征方面的潜在决定因素知之甚少。为此，本项目引入了一个细粒度的框架，区分了合作的多个组成部分(即，非剥削、非报复、战略考虑和信任)，并将它们与ATP联系起来，(基本的)个性模型构成了理论桥梁。这种多组成部分的方法产生了准确的假设，即ATP与合作的低意愿与高意愿有关，在合作的哪个具体方面以及为什么，也就是说，哪些基本特征驱动了这种联系。假设来自各种(有时是孤立的)关于基本人格、合作和人格加重/障碍的文献，并使用不同的经济范式进行检验，每一种范式都旨在评估合作的一个组成部分。总而言之，该项目旨在提供对每一个ATP(包括驱动这些联系的基本人格特征)中(非)合作行为的细微差别的透彻理解。

Although variation in basic personality traits is arguably adaptive, extreme trait levels can become individually maladaptive to the extent of producing problems in diverse areas, such as social interactions. Depending on the specific problems, different patterns of maladaptive trait levels can be distinguished, several of which are characterized by high antagonism or low trait Agreeableness, respectively. These >antagonistic trait patterns< (ATP) can be labeled corresponding to personality accentuation or personality disorder terms (i.e., antisocial, borderline, narcissistic, and paranoid). Although high antagonism, or a reduced willingness to cooperate, respectively, is the common denominator of the ATPs, little is known about the exact nature and nuances of non-cooperation and the underlying determinants in terms of specific (maladaptive) basic traits. To this end, the present project introduces a fine-grained framework, differentiating between multiple components of cooperation (i.e., non-exploitation, non-retaliation, strategic considerations, and trust) and linking these to the ATPs with (basic) personality models forming the theoretical bridge. This multi-component approach yields exact hypotheses on which ATP relates to a low versus high willingness to cooperate in which specific aspect of cooperation and why, that is, which basic traits drive this link. Hypotheses are derived from the varied (and, at times, isolated) literature on basic personality, cooperation, and personality accentuations/disorders and are tested using different economic paradigms, each of which is designed to assess one component of cooperation. In sum, the project aims at providing a thorough understanding of the nuances of (non-)cooperative behavior in each of the ATPs (including the basic personality traits that drive these links).