Development of Cathodoluminescence Electron Microscope (CEM) and its Application to the Medical and Biological Fields.

1984年，在配有简易阴极发光探测器的阿卡希扫描电子显微镜(SEM)ISI-DS130上，研究了荧光、染料、金属、生物等材料的阴极发光强度。一些稀土金属盐和一些与维生素A(VitA)代谢和类固醇激素生物合成有关的物质被证明有很强的CL。1985年，对DS130的底级进行了改装，使用了半椭球镜、光电倍增管(PMT)和单色仪，以获得精确的CL图像和CL光谱。用简易冷冻扫描电子显微镜方法，对维生素A负载大鼠肝脏Ito细胞和大鼠肾上腺皮质束状带细胞的化学发光图像和光谱进行了观察和分析。他们从脂滴中表现出强烈的化学发光。1986年，DS130的顶层被改造成彩色化学发光电子显微镜(彩色CEM)。引入了一种由三个半椭球面镜组合而成的新型反射镜，使探测到的CL光子分别在红、绿、蓝三个区域被放大。为了将样品温度保持在液氮温度以下，完全更换了样品夹持器。彩色化学发光图像和生物材料的化学发光光谱分析被证明是一种识别未知物质并在现场显示它们的有用方法。在彩色CEM下，维生素A酯被证明从Ito细胞的脂滴中释放出CL。

In 1984, the intensities of cathodoluminescence (CL) emitting from fluorochromes, dyes, metals, biological substances and other materials were examined under an Akashi scanning electron microscope (SEM) ISI-DS130 equipped with a simple CL detector. Some salts of rare earth metals and some substances related to vitamin A (Vit A) metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis were proved to emit strong CL.In 1985, the bottom stage of DS130 was modified with a half ellipsoidal mirror, photomultiplier tube (PMT) and monochrometer, so that precise CL images and CL spectra were able to obtain. CL images and spectra of Ito cells of Vit A loaded rat liver and zona fasciculata cells of rat adrenal cortex were observed and analyzed by means of the simple cryo-SEM method as a specimen preparation method for CL observation. They showed strong CL from their lipid droplets.In 1986, the top stage of DS130 was remodeled into a color CL electron microscope (a color CEM). A newly shaped mirror, combining three half ellipsoidal mirrors, was induced, so that the detected CL photons could be amplified in red, green and blue zones separately. The specimen holder was totally changed in order to maintain the specimen temperature down to the liquid nitrogen temperature. Color CL images and CL spectra analysis of biological materials were turned out to be a useful method of identifying the unknown substances and displaying them in situ. Vit A esters were proved to emit CL from the lipid droplets of Ito cells under the color CEM.