Comparative Study on Growth and Decay of Disaster Culture

灾害文化作为一种应对自然灾害的软对策，在减轻人类和财产损失方面发挥着重要作用。灾害文化问卷调查是在高知的洪水易发地区进行的。1975年和1976年，这些地区发生了严重的水灾。20世纪70年代以来，中国城市化进程加快。而居住在这些易发地区的居民对灾难一无所知。幸运的是，1976年以后，高知没有发生过大规模的自然灾害，因此有可能讨论自然和社会环境变化对防灾减灾意识的影响。灾难教训和灾难文化的衰落主要取决于向邻居、家人和朋友讲述灾难经历的机会数量与通过他们倾听的机会之间的差异。在伊诺被淹没的地区，居民的防灾智慧被发现，那里的大部分私人房屋都建在平整的地面上。此外，为了减轻海啸灾害，有必要加强灾害教训和社会脆弱性，并建设海啸防波堤和水闸等硬对策。特别是日本发生的巨大海啸具有频率低、后果高的特点。海啸易发地区的居民由于缺乏系统地将灾难经验和教训传递给下一代，通常会忘记伤亡。通过问卷调查，探讨了海啸经验衰减的过程、灾害发生的地点对海啸信息传播的影响，并提出了灾害文化发展的建议。

As a soft-countermeasure against natural disasters, disaster culture plays an important role to mitigate human and property damages. The questionnaire on disaster culture was conducted in flood prone areas in Kochi. In 1975 and 1976, we had severe flood disasters in the areas. Urbanization has been accelerated since 1970s'. and residents who have no information about the disaster live in these disaster-prone areas. Fortunately, after 1976 Kochi has not had large-scale natural disasters so that it is possible to discuss on the effect of changes of natural and social environmental changes on awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation. The decay of disaster lesson and culture chiefly depend on the difference between the number of opportunities of talking the disaster experience to neighbors, family members and friends and listening comprehension through them. Wisdom of residents on disaster prevention was found in Ino inundated area in which most private houses were built on the leveled-up ground.Moreover, in order to mitigate tsunami disaster, it is necessary to reinforce disaster lesson and social vulnerability as well as construction of hard-countermeasures such as tsunami breakwaters and water gates. Especially, gigantic tsunamis have characteristics of low frequency and high consequence in Japan. Residents in tsunami prone areas usually forget the casualty due to lack of systematic transmission of disaster experiences and lessons from disaster sufferers to next generations. Through questionnaire, the process of decay of tsunami experiences, locality of the disasters on tsunami information and communication were discussed and proposals about growth of disaster culture were presented.