Investigation of emotion and mnemonic functions of the primate limbic system by means of invasive and non-invasive methods

为了阐明隔核(SP)-海马体(HF)系统的空间和认知功能，记录了警觉猴子在位置依赖型条件性围棋任务(PCA)中的神经活动，在该任务中，给定物体的反应/强化偶发事件取决于装有猴子的机动可移动装置(CAB)的位置，以及在不需要条件辨别的位置非依赖围棋任务中。在所记录的329个HF神经元中，88个神经元的活动在PCA任务中随着物体的出现而显著增加或降低。仅在PCA任务中，17个神经元的反应依赖于物体、位置和行为的特定组合(特定组合神经元)。仅在PCA任务中，12个神经元对对象的反应是不同的(对象区分神经元)。这两种神经元类型的特征表明，HF神经元既编码刺激知觉，也编码属性，如…更多的地方是刺激呈现的地方，条件关系强加在任务中。这些结果可能是情景记忆的神经生理学基础，并提示在HF的空间功能和非空间功能之间存在联系。在记录到的430个SP神经元中，58个神经元在4个位置的位置相反应有显著差异。其中8个神经元在客体相和位置相的反应也具有位置差异性。在91个不同反应的神经元中，43个仅在PCA任务中有不同反应，19个和2个神经元分别与奖赏/非奖赏和GO/NOGO偶发事件有关。结果表明，SP参与了空间信息、条件位置-客体关系和奖赏/非奖赏偶发事件的整合。在无创性研究中，采用偶极跟踪(DT)方法研究了猴体感诱发电位(SEP)和人类视觉诱发电位(VEP)的产生，该方法可以将表面电位分布等同于相应的偶极子。结果表明，偶极子从丘脑经SI区依次移至第5区，偶极子在距骨裂周围的定位与枕叶视网膜手术的定位一致。清醒大鼠短暂性全脑缺血时的脑功能磁共振成像显示，持续1小时的脑缺血后充血与HF的CA1区迟发性神经元死亡显著相关，而舔葡萄糖时大鼠脑内下丘脑的信号强度增加。较少

To elucidate spatial and cognitive function of the septo (SP)-hippocampal (HF) system, neural activity was recorded from alert monkeys during performance of a place-dependent conditional go-nogo task (PCA) task in which response/reinforcement contingencies of given objects were conditional upon the location of a motorized, movable device (cab) containing a monkey, and during the place-independent go-nogo tasks which required no conditional discrimination. Of 329 HF neurons recorded, the activity of 88 increased or decreased significantly in response to the presentation of an object during the PCA task. Responses of 17 neurons depended differentially on specific combinations of object, place and behavior only in the PCA task (specific-combination neurons). Responses of 12 ncurons responded differentially to the objects only in the PCA task (object-differential neurons). Characteristics of the 2 neuron types suggest that HF neurons encode both stimulus percept and attributes such as the … More place where the stimulus is presented, and the conditional relation imposed in the task. These results might be neurophysiological bases of episodic memory, and suggest thet there is linkage between spatial and non-spatial functions in the HF.Of 430 SP neurons recorded, the responses during the place phase in the 4 places were significantly different in 58 neurons. Responses of 8 of these neurons were also place-differential during the object phase as well as the place phase. Of 91 neurons responding differentially during the object phase, 43 responded differentially only in the PCA task, 19 and 2 neurons were related to the reward/nonreward and go/nogo contingencies, respectively. The results suggest that the SP is involved in integrating spatial information, conditional place-object relations, and reward/nonreward contingency.In the non-invasive study, generators of monkey somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in monkeys and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in humans were investigated by dipole tracing (DT) method with 3-dimensional reconstructed real head model, which can equates surface potential distributions to a corresponding equivalent dipole. The results indicated sequcential movement of dipoles from the thalamus to area 5 via the SI area, and topographic localization of the dipoles around the calcarine fissures which were well comparable to the retinotopy in the occipital lobe. The functional MRI of brains of awake rats during transient whole brain ischemia indicated that the post-ischemic hyperemia which lasts 1 hr was significantly correlated to delayd neuronal death in the CA1 subfield of the HF,and those of a rat brain during licking of glucose solution indicated increase in signal intensity in the hypothalamus. Less