Ippesheim (NEA) - Interpretation and publication of a Middle Neolithic circular enclosure in Northern Bavaria

申请人在1998-2004年的四次活动中对伊普斯海姆(巴伐利亚州)的新石器时代圆形围栏进行了具有代表性的调查，作为学生培训挖掘和最低预算。这一壮观的结果，如夏至和冬至日出时两扇因洞而建的大门分别朝向突出的地标，以及在竖井状的坑中进行独特的垂直埋葬，已经在几篇初步的科学和流行文章中发表，但关于发现和特征的最终和广泛的出版仍然没有。在完成DFG项目“Gebautes Wissen”(建筑知识)的过程中，重点关注霍普费尔施塔特(巴伐利亚)和奎德林堡(萨克森-安哈尔特)的圆形围护结构，获得了关于这些像巨石阵一样的纪念碑的概念、实现、使用寿命和有意/仪式化的回填过程的新见解。根据这些新的结果，我们的目标是从地层学和埋藏学的角度分析伊普斯海姆的建造和回填过程，并使用贝叶斯校准模型以高分辨率确定它们的年代。与已经分析的围栏，特别是霍普费尔施塔特的围栏，距离只有10公里，似乎是继任者，将提供对伊普斯海姆围栏特别是圆形围栏现象的新理解。女性躯干的垂直竖井埋葬将根据生物考古学的最新进展(aDNA、稳定同位素、放射性碳)进行采样，并进行人类学描述和解释。仅部分由于土壤侵蚀而幸存下来的墓葬不仅表明与围栏(可能是被遗弃的)有象征性的关系，而且还代表了北巴伐利亚五千年初为数不多的出土人类遗骸之一。

The Neolithic circular enclosure at Ippesheim (Bavaria) has been representatively investigated by the applicant during four campaigns as student training excavations and with minimal budget in 1998-2004. The spectacular results, as the orientation of two causewayed gates towards prominent landmarks during the sunrise at summer and winter solstices respectively, as well as a unique vertical burial in a shaft-like pit have been published in several preliminary scientific and popular articles, the final and extensive publication of finds and features, however, is still missing. In the course of the completed DFG project "Gebautes Wissen" (Constructed Knowledge), focussing on the circular enclosures at Hopferstadt (Bavaria) and Quedlinburg (Saxony-Anhalt), new insights concerning the conception, realisation, use life and intentional/ritualised backfill process of these henge-like monuments have been gained. In the light of these new results we aim at analysing the building and backfill processes at Ippesheim in terms of stratigrapy and taphonomy and to date them at high resolution using Bayesian calibration models. A comparison with the already analysed enclosures, especially the one at Hopferstadt which is situated at only 10 km distance and appears as a successor , will provide a new understanding of the Ippesheim enclosure in particular, but also of the circular enclosure phenomenon in general.The vertical shaft burial of a female torso will be sampled according to the state of art in bioarchaeology (aDNA, stable isotopes, radiocarbon) as well as described and interpreted anthropologically. The burial which survived only partially due to soil erosion not only suggests a symbolic relation with the enclosure (possibly its abandonment), but also represents one of the few excavated human remains of the early 5th millennium in Northern Bavaria.