Studies on morphological changes of the nerve fibers (axon and myelin) after head injury.

1.颅脑损伤后神经纤维的形态变化：取尸检标本，用Holmes‘s银染法进行轴突染色，用豪华坚固蓝(LFB)进行髓鞘反染色。在颅脑损伤后存活2天以上的患者切片中检测轴索缩小球(RB)和/或髓鞘球(MG)。此外，在存活超过5小时的患者的切片上，观察到了三种轴突的变化，即肿胀、粗大静脉曲张和挥动。这些发现在对照组的部分患者中并不明显。脑损伤后轴突成分抗体免疫组织化学研究：采用神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、神经细丝亚单位(NF)、线粒体、阿尔茨海默病前体蛋白(APP)等多种轴突成分抗体检测脑损伤后早期轴突改变。初步检查表明，NSE、NF-M和APP可作为检测早期轴突改变的有用标记物，其中以NSE染色最为敏感。NSE染色进一步检测发现，在颅脑损伤后仅存活1小时的患者切片中，抗NSE抗体可标记RB和肿胀的轴突。脑损伤后髓鞘成分抗体的免疫组织化学研究：为检测创伤后髓鞘的变化，采用髓鞘碱性蛋白和蛋白脂蛋白的抗体。在存活超过2天的患者切片中，髓鞘免疫染色和LFB均可识别MG。这些髓鞘标记物，连同NSE等轴突标记物，对于估计创伤后存活的时间应该是相当有用的。

1. Morphological changes of the nerve fibers after head injury : The blocks of the corpus callosum which had been taken in autopsy cases were stained for axon with Holmes' silver method and counter-stained for myelin with luxol fast blue (LFB). Axonal retraction balls (RB) and/or myelin globoids (MG) were detected in sections of patients who survived for more than 2 days after head injury. In addition, all of three axonal changes, i.e.swelling, coarse varicosities and waving, were observed in sections of those who survived for more than 5 hours. These findings were not apparent in sections of control patients.2. Immunohistochemical studies with antibodies to axonal components on damage after head injury : To detect early posttraumatic axonal changes, antibodies to several axonal components such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE), subunits of neurofilament (NF), mitochondria and Alzheimer precursor protein (APP) were employed. Preliminary examination showed that NSE,NF-M and APP could be useful markers for detecting early axonal changes, and that NSE staining found to be most sensitive. Further examination using NSE staining revealed that the antibody to NSE could label RB and swollen axons in sections of patients who survived for only 1 hour after head trauma.3. Immunohistochemical studies with antibodies to myelin components on damage after head injury : To detect posttraumatic myelin changes, antibodies to myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein were employed. MG was identified by both of the myelin immunostaining as well as LFB in sections of patients who survived for more than 2 days. These myelin markers, together with axon markers such as NSE,should be quite useful for estimating the duration of posttraumatic survival.