Study on Participatory Infrastructure Development Planning Systems with Conflicts of Interests Explicitly Considered

本研究分析了公共基础设施的参与式流程。在众多具有不同价值判断的公民并存的现代社会，社会基础设施的协调与合作是强制性的，特别是日本作为一个经济迅速成熟的国家，没有明确处理公共规划中的社会冲突。基于对北美公众参与和相关机构的调查，本项目明确了日本公共规划中参与式决策的关键结构。在项目的第一年，执行了关于日本和其他参与性规划的事实调查结果。此外，作为理论工作的基础，通过几次研究会议，澄清了一些相关的博弈论概念和工具。在项目的第二年，利益相关者之间的意见收集过程被建模为博弈模型，并明确了协调者/第三专业方的角色和参与。此外，通过与加拿大安大略省相关机构的访谈，对参与式机构和促进技术进行了调查。在项目的最后一年，对参与进程的下列方面进行了建模和分析。它们是：意见聚合过程，专业人员在此过程中的角色，以及参与者的认知结构。另一方面，参与性进程中的其他体制问题很难用数学公式来描述，特别是通过参考北美的体制加以说明。这些结果提供了关于参与式过程的优缺点的结构性信息，并有助于日本基础设施规划参与式政策的构建。项目成果的主要部分已载入项目报告。

This research analyzes participatory processes for public infrastructures. In modern society where many citizens with various value judgments co-exist, coordination and cooperation for efficient decision on social infrastructures is mandatory, especially Japan as a quickly economically matured country without explicit treatments of social conflicts on public planning. Based on investigations on public participation and related institutions in the North America, this project clarifies the key structures of participatory decision making in public planning in Japan. For the first year of the project, the fact findings on Japanese and other participatory planning are performed. Also, as basis for theoretical works some related game theoretic concepts and tools are clarified through the several research meetings. In the second year of the projects, opinion-aggregation process among stakeholders is modeled as a game model, and roles and involvement of the coordinator/third professional party is clarified. Moreover, participatory institutions and facilitation techniques were investigated by the interview with relevant institutions in Ontario, Canada. In the final project year, the following aspects of participatory processes are modeled and analyzed. They are : opinion-aggregation process, roles of professionals in the process, and cognitive structure of participants. On the other hand, other institutional problems in participatory processes that are hardly modeled into mathematical formula are descriptively clarified especially by referring to the North American systems. These results provide structural information on vice and virtue of participatory process, and can contribute to the building of the Japanese participatory policy of Japanese infrastructure planning. Main part of the project results had been put in the project report.