A Historical Study of the Kanbun-Kundoku (Japanese Readings of Chinese Texts) used in translations during the Edo and Meiji Periods

中文日文读本是一种传统的翻译系统。通过添加假名或符号，汉语经典被翻译成日语。考察了江户时代和明治时代的各种译本中的昆独用法，并将其与江户时代的各种丛书《论语》中的用法进行了比较，得到了以下结果：江户时代的荷兰学学者Rangakusha和江户时代的英语学者Eigakusha将这种方法应用于研究或翻译荷兰语或英语。在一些学习书籍中，我们可以在每个荷兰语或英语单词下面找到对应的日语和标示词序的符号。汉字-昆都语风格是明治时代最流行的风格之一。究其原因，主要是因为当时的知识分子研究了神句，熟悉了神句-昆都式。江户时代末期形成的观音练习法，深受江户时代最简单的观音练习法--以赛天法的影响。因此，这种kanbun-kundoku风格被发现非常简单。

Kanbun-kundoku (Japanese readings of Chinese texts) is a traditional translating system. By adding kana (Japanese phonetic characters) or marks, Chinese classics are translated into Japanese.Having investigated Kundoku usage in various translations in the Edo and Meiji era and compared them with those in various kunten materials Rongo (Confucian Analects) in the Edo era, the following results were obtained:Rangakusha (scholars of Dutch learning in the Edo era) and Eigakusha (scholars of English learning in the Edo and Meiji era) applied this method to studying or translating Dutch or English. In some study books, we can find Japanese equivalent and marks which indicate word order under each Dutch or English word.Kanbun-Kundoku-Style was one of the most popular styles in the Meiji era. The main reason is that the intellectualsin those days had studied Kangaku and they were familiar with Kanbun-Kundoku-Style. Kanbun-kundoku-Style was formed during the late Edo era and was greatly influenced by Issai-ten which was the simplest Kundoku-Method in the Edo era. Thus, that Kanbun-Kundoku-Style is found very simple.