Qatna Studien 13: Ivana Puljiz, The beads of Qatna – a comparative study ofthe Middle and Late Bronze Age bead assemblages

Qaṭna Studien系列旨在向专家社区提供德国-叙利亚在Qaṭna的发掘的最终出版物。由伊万娜·普尔吉兹介绍的第十三卷论述了来自中青铜时代一号墓、中青铜时代七号墓IIA-IIB和青铜时代晚期皇家地下墓穴I-IIA的珠子组合。这是首次对公元前两千年以来的三个珠子组合的时间顺序进行了系统的评估和详细的描述。为了确保三个背景下的珠子的可比性，制定了一个统一的珠子分类方法，原则上也适用于其他地点和其他时期的珠子的分类方案。这一简单但非常系统和详细的正式分类检索表旨在为今后对近东所有珠子进行超区域和历时比较提供一种工具。在这本书中，从近东和东地中海的各种比较地点发现的大量珠子已经根据这种形式类型学进行了比较分类。所研究的三个珠子组合都非常广泛，具有明显不同的定量和定性类型学成分。珠子的形状类型和首选材料(金色、玛瑙、青金石、琥珀、玻璃、埃及蓝等)揭示了公元前第二个千年的清晰的时间发展。这表明，与通常的看法相反，珠子或珠子组合具有很高的年代学价值。通过与叙利亚、巴勒斯坦、美索不达米亚、安纳托利亚、东地中海和其他地区发现的珠子进行详细比较，还有可能确定QaṭNA记录的珠子类型的时间和地理分布。因此，这里介绍的卷可以被认为是分析古代近东珠子的重要参考著作。

The series Qaṭna Studien aims to make the final publications of the German-Syrian excavations in Qaṭna available to the specialist community. The thirteenth volume, presented by Ivana Puljiz, deals with the bead assemblages from Tomb I of the Middle Bronze Age, from Tomb VII of the Middle Bronze Age IIA-IIB and from the Royal Hypogeum of the Late Bronze Age I-IIA. It is the first time that a chronological sequence of three bead assemblages from the 2nd millennium BC has been systematically evaluated and presented in detail.In order to ensure the comparability the beads of the three contexts, a uniform typology was developed with which all beads were classified and which is in principle also suitable as a classification scheme for beads from other sites and other periods. The simple but very systematic and detailed formal classification key is intended to provide a tool for making a supra-regional and diachronic comparison of all beads of the Near East in the future. In the volume presented, numerous bead finds from a variety of comparative sites in the Near East and the Eastern Mediterranean are already comparatively classified on the basis of this form typology.The three bead assemblages studied are each very extensive and have a distinctly different quantitative and qualitative typological composition. Both the form types and the preferred use of different materials for beads (gold, carnelian, lapis lazuli, amber, glass, Egyptian blue, etc.) reveal a clear chronological development over the second millennium BC. This shows that, contrary to common belief, beads or bead assemblages have a high chronological value. Through detailed comparisons with bead finds from Syria, Palestine, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, the Eastern Mediterranean and other regions, it was also possible to determine the chronological and geographical distribution of the bead types documented in Qaṭna. Consequently, the volume presented here can be considered an important reference work for the analysis of beads from the ancient Near East.