Origin and Biodiversity of Fishes in Far East Russia and Northern Japan

为了阐明俄罗斯远东地区沿岸海水鱼类和淡水鱼类的物种多样性、分类学问题、系统动物地理学、形态生态特有种、生殖系统、系统发育关系和扩散途径，1997 ~ 1999年在阿穆尔河、勒拿河、图姆宁河和佩里斯岛进行了多次考察。通过考察和实验室工作，获得了以下重要发现。1)通过对侧沟脂鲤属、半鳍脂鲤属和拟扁尾脂鲤属的部分鱼的交配行为的潜水观察，发现它们的生殖系统为非交配生殖系统。2)在马加丹附近的沿海沃茨记录到一种未描述的Zoarenae，在南部的Premor 'e浅海区也记录到另一种未描述的种，即Cottidae的Radulinopsis和Stichaeidae的Eumesogrammus。3)根据等位酶和线粒体DNA序列分析，分别对裸腹鱼属（Lethenteron）、赤拟鱼属（Tribolodon）、刺鳅属（Pungitius）和杜父鱼属（Cottus）的系统发育关系进行了初步探讨。4)在属Pungitius，两个遗传分支（Primor 'e型和Skhalin-Okhotsk型）新发现的淡水远东俄罗斯。5)Lethenteron和Tribolodon的物种被证明在日本海周围形成。6)两种杜父鱼，Trachidermus fasciatus和Cottus kazika，被证明是单系的，这表明杜父鱼不是单系的，而是一个并系群。

To elucidate the species diversity, taxonomic problems, syatematic zoogeography, morpho-ecological endemisms, reproductive systems, phylogenetic relationships and dispersal routes of coastal marine fishes and freshwater fishes in the Far East Russia, several expeditions were carried out in the Amur River, Lena River, Tumnin River and Peris Island during the three years from 1997 to 1999. Through the expeditions and laboratory works, following important findings were obtained. 1) The reproductive systems of some Cottid fishes belonging to the genus Pleurogrammus, Hemitripterus and Radulinopsis were found tobe non-copulating one by diving observations of their mating behavior. 2) An undescribed species of Zoarcidae was recorded from the coastal waters near Magadan, and another undescribed species of the genus Radulinopsis of Cottidae and the genus Eumesogrammus of Stichaeidae were also recorded from shallow sea areas of southern Premor'e. 3) The phylogenetic relationships among the species belonging to the genus Lethenteron, Tribolodon, Pungitius and Cottus were respectiveiy inferred from allozyme and mtDNA sequence data. 4) Within the genus Pungitius, two genetic clades (the Primor'e type and Skhalin-Okhotsk type) were newly detected from the freshwaters of Far East Russia. 5) The species of Lethenteron and Tribolodon are shown to have speciated around the Sea of Japan. 6) The two Cottid species, Trachidermus fasciatus and Cottus kazika , were shown to be monophyletic, suggesting that the Cottus species are not monophyletic but a paraphyletic group.