Environment of the Aral and Caspian Seas and Desertification

本研究旨在厘清咸海盆地上游和里海东岸两个区域环境破坏的实际状况。1999财年是研究的总结阶段，研究如下：锡尔达河上游水质与土壤环境综合研究：收集并分析了迄今为止一直保密的资料。随后，我们两次派出考察队采集环境样本。经过精确的化学分析，很明显，污染是由冷战时期开发的铀尾矿造成的。Zerafshan流域水质与土壤环境综合研究：1999年夏季和2000年春季进行了两次野外考察。远征结束后，在日本进行了重金属分析。zerafshan的水质与撒马尔罕或布哈拉等古城之间的关系被猜测出来。进一步论证了采拉山流域上游地区矿山、下游地区灌溉和采矿业的影响。卡拉库姆沙漠植物的形态研究。用电镜对荒漠植物的结构进行了分析。对多品种根细胞的发生和生长进行了结构分析。对这些植物进行了重金属分析。提出了中亚水资源优化管理模式：基于GIS的咸海盆地“ARAL”。该基本模型将流域划分为若干区域，同时考虑了每个区域的水资源、土地利用、水管理和经济增长，从而表现出整个流域的最优活动。演化经济模型对中亚经济的适应：在技术创新中重新审视演化经济选择的概念。利用演化理论对哈萨克斯坦等前苏联国家进行了非等价经济过程的认识。特别是企业家精神理论是从一般进化的角度发展起来的。运用演化的方法对哈萨克斯坦的小企业进行了分析，提出了企业促进政策。少

The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual condition of environmental damage in two regions : upriver part of Aral Sea Basin and east coast of Caspian Sea. The 1999 fiscal year was a summary stage of thestudy, and the followings were studied.Integrated study of water quality and soil environment of Syrdarya upriver region : The material that had been kept secret until now was collected and analyzed. Then we dispatched expedition team two times to collect environmental samples. As a result of the exact chemical analysis, it became clear that the pollution is serious caused by the uranium tailings that was developed in the cold war age.Integrated study of water quality and soil environment of Zerafshan basin : Two field expeditions were carried out in summer of 1999 and spring of 2000. Heavy metal analysis was carried out in Japan after the expedition. The relationship was guessed between Zerafshans' water quality and ancient cities like Samarkand or Bukhara. The following were c … More larified : Effect of the mines in the upper region of Zerafshan basin, irrigation and mining industry in the lower reaches.Morphological study of Karakum desert plants. The structure of desert plant was analyzed using the electron microscope in the form. Structure was analyzed of generation and growth of the root cell for multiple kind. Heavy metals were also analyzed for these plants.Optimum management model for the water resource of Central Asia : GIS "ARAL" was proposed for Aral Sea basin. Dividing the basin into several zones, the basic model shows optimum activities of the whole basin where it considers water resources, land use, water management and economic growth in each zone.Adaptation of the evolutionary economic model to the Central Asian economy : The concept of evolutionary economical selection was reexamined in the technological innovation. Nonequivalent economic process was recognized using the evolution theory for the former Soviet countries such as Kazakhstan. Especially, the theory of the entrepreneurship was developed from the viewpoint of general evolution. The small enterprises in Kazakhstan were analyzed to present enterprise promotion policy by the evolutionary approach. Less