The Contract of "Louage de Service" in Japanese former Civil Law.

本研究的目的在于通过对日本民法中“雇佣合同”与法国民法中“劳务合同”的比较研究，厘清日本民法中“雇佣合同”的发展历程及其特点。经过三年的研究，我们得到了以下几方面的成果：首先，我们考察了前民法法案中雇佣合同的含义以及法国民法对该法案条款的影响。并试图通过对劳动条件法规的分析，特别是对女工和童工工作时间的规定（1911年制定的《日本工厂法》等法规），来厘清日本雇佣合同的发展脉络。其次，我们关注了早期法国劳动合同理论的特点——“法定理论”。通过与这一理论的对比，可以明确日本劳动合同中个人约定的特殊之处。例如，在日本，我们往往忽视了协议的强制性，容易承认全面的解释-“stillschweigende”协议。我们批评了几个法庭的决定，这些决定有这些倾向，与工人的转移和解雇有关。最后，“企业理论”是法德两国劳动合同理论最重要的特征。他们将“企业理论”纳入劳动合同理论，为保护理论和立法做出了贡献。相反，日本的劳动合同理论一直对“企业理论”持否定态度，这种对企业的不信任一直阻碍着解雇保护理论的发展。现在，有必要用“企业”概念来重构解雇理论。

The puroses of this research are to make clear the development and the characteristics of "Contract of Employment" in Japanese Civil Law, by comparative studies with the "Contrat de Louage de Service" in French law. After three years research, we have got several results, as follow :First of all, we have investigated the meanings of the Contract of Empolyment in former Civil Law Bill and the influences of French Civil Law in the provisions of this Bill. And we have tried to clarify the development of Japanese Contract of Empolyment by the analysis of the labor conditions regulations, particularly the regulation of the working hours for woman and child workers(Japanese Factory Law enacted in 1911 and the other regulations).Secondly, we have paied attention on the "Theorie Statutaire" which characterizes the French theory of the lobour contract in the eaply years. By contrasting with this theory, it is possible to make clear the special points of the individual agreement of the Japanese labor contract. For example, in Japan, we tend to neglect the compulsory power of the agreement by admiting easily the interpretation of the comprehensive-"stillschweigende" agreement. We have criticized several tribunal decisions which have these tendencies, related to the transfer and the discharge of the workers.At last, the "Enterprise Theory" is the most important feature of the French and German theory of the Labor Contract. They have contributed to the protective theory and legislation, by incorporating the "enterprise theory" in the labor contract theory. On the contrary, Japanese theory of labor contract has continued to refuse the "Enterprise Theory", and this distrust to the enterprise has been an obstacle to the development of the dismissal protective theory. Now, it is necessary to reconstruct the dismissal theory by the idea of "Enterprise" concept.