STUDY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT AND GENEALOGY OF KYAKUDEN-HOUJYOU - TYPE MAIN HALL IN THE MOMOYAMA - EDO PERIOD TEMPLE

寺庙里有两种类型的大殿建筑。一种是典型的类型，被称为Mikkyou - type - hondoh，外观和内部外观都足够好。另一种是类似于住宅的hondoh，主要建于近代早期。在中世纪，这种大殿尤其见于禅宗分支寺院塔丘。众所周知，在禅宗中，所有的建筑都是以没有地板的圆顶式的方式建造的。但塔丘的主要建筑被称为Hohjyoh或kyakuden，有特别的楼层，它的类型是类似住宅的，但有六个房间。此外，同一类型的建筑位于Honboh地区，这是大祭司的主要居住区。在密教寺中，除了寺庙的主要院落外，还竖立了别音或信音。在这里，作为其主要建筑的典范，shindenzukuri风格被祭司引入并使用，他们是有影响力的儿子或亲戚…在建筑史领域，通常认为是新登祖屋式逐渐转变为松因祖屋式。但是现在已经没有任何现存的shoinzukuri风格的住宅了。在寺庙的每一个部分都有像住宅一样的大殿，称为Hohjyoh或kyakuden，属于shoinzukuri风格。在本研究中，我们参考了在各区段中密友型-洪道与Hohjyoh或kyakudden型-洪道的系谱和关系。由贵族引进的新登式和松正式建筑，通过设置奈武祭或布武祭，变成了宗教建筑。在室町时代，寺内的四室布局做了很大的改变，增加了两个房间，形成了不规则的六室布局。但不规则的六室平面图与达丘-后记在规则六室平面图上有所不同。tachuh - houjoh的最初计划并不明确。通过对旧图纸的调查和比较，我们推测图纸被规划成三排，中间的宽度和深度都很大，它是在三个长房间里制作的，没有把六个房间分开。日莲派在室町时期制造并使用了Mikkyou- type - Hondoh。在近代早期，就出现了教殿或后殿式的大殿。在前一种类型中，每边都有Wakijin。在江户时代早期，Wakijin的宽度被扩大，Wakijin被做成了wakinoma房间。如果这个wakinoma被分成前后两个房间，则会建立Kyakuden或后堂式的大殿。据说，它重新利用了塔奇乌乔的六个房间的工厂。在六室计划盛行的背后，有很多类似牧师学校的丹林。在那里，最重要的建筑是一个名为Koudoh， Hattoh， Kyakuden和Houjyoh的演讲厅。这里的平面图主要由六个房间组成，类似于tachuh - houjoh。它以honboh - houjyo5的形状重复使用。综上所述，寺庙（主要是信教宗和天台宗）的“四室”是通过设置祈祷室而发展成“信教”的，与平安时代有所不同。虽然也有6个房间的计划，但这与塔休后记不同。少

There are two types of the main hall architecture in the temple. One is the typical type, what is called, Mikkyou - Type-Hondoh which has sufficient and fine exterior and interior appearance. The other is the residence-like-Hondoh- which were built mainly in the early modern times.In the middle ages these kinds of main hall were seen especially in the Zen-sect branch temple called Tachuu. As is known in the Zen sect all the buildings were erected in the way of doma - type without floor. But the main architecture in the Tachuu called Hohjyoh or kyakuden have exceptionally floors and its type is dwellinglike but has six room plant.Besides, the same type of architecture is located at the Honboh area, that is the main residential area of the head priest.In the mikkyoh sect temple, Betsuin or Shiin were erected apart from the main temple compounds. Here, as a model of its main architecture Shindennzukuri-style was introduced and used by the priests who was a son or relatives of the influent … More ial nobility.Usually, it is considered that Shindenzukuri-style gradually changed into Shoinzukuri-style in the field of architectural history. But there is none of the very remaining examples of residence in Shoinzukuri-style.In the every sect of the temple there are dwellinglike main hall called Hohjyoh or kyakuden which belongs to Shoinzukuri-style.In this study it is referred that the genealogy and the relation between Mikkyou - Type-Hondoh and Hohjyoh or kyakuden-type -hondoh in every sect.The result made in this study are as follows :1. Shindenn-zukuri and Shoin-zukuri style having introduced by the nobility changed into religious architecture by setting Naibutsu or Butsuma. In the Muromachi period Shuden-zukuri (four room plan) in the temple made a large change by adding two rooms and made an irregular six room plan.2. But the irregular six room plan was different from that of Tachuh-houjyoh in point of regular six room plan. The original plan of Tachuh-houjyoh is not clear. By investigating and comparing the old drawings it is conjectured that the drawing was planned in three rows the central of which was a large in size of width and depth and it was made in three long rooms without dividing six rooms.3. In the Nichiren sect they made and used the type of Mikkyou- Type- Hondoh in the Muromachi period. It is in the early modern times that Kyakuden or houjyoh type main hall appeared. In the former type it has Wakijin in each side. This Wakijin was enlarged in width and Wakijin was made into rooms wakinoma in the early Edo period.If this wakinoma had been divided into two rooms in front and back, Kyakuden or houjyoh type main hall was established. In case it is said that it reused six room plant of Tachuh houjyoh.4. Behind the prevalence of six room plan, there were so many danrin's which were a kind of priest school. And there it is most important architecture was a lecture hall called Koudoh, Hattoh, Kyakuden and Houjyoh. Here the plan constituted mainly six room plan, similar to that of Tachuh-houjyoh. It reused in the shape of Honboh-houjyoh.5. In conclusion Shuden-zukuri (four room plan) in temple (mainly in the Shingon and Tendai sect) developed into Shiin by setting a prayer room and is different from that of the Heian period. Some of them made a six room plan, but it is different from that of Tachuh-houjyoh. Less