Erna Meyer and The Modern Home

在德国和整个欧洲，最有影响力的家庭改革家是犹太经济学家埃尔娜·迈耶博士（Dr. Erna Meyer，柏林，1890 -海法，1975）。她写书，编辑自己的杂志，并策划展览部分。她的哲学对现代家居的发展，特别是理性厨房的发展，产生了很大的影响。1933年12月，迈耶从慕尼黑移民到特拉维夫定居，在她的新祖国也成为这一领域的权威。Meyer的职业生涯始于她的开创性著作Der Neue Haushalt（1926），这本书为她进入建筑和设计世界铺平了道路，使她能够参与德国和其他地方的现代家庭领域的概念化。Meyer成为德国现代建筑运动的积极合作伙伴，提供厨房设计方面的建议，同时也展示她自己的设计，参与策划建筑展览，并成为RFG政府委员会（Reichsforschungsgesellschaft;赖希建筑和住房经济效率研究学会）开发的住房项目的家庭管理专家。她在各个领域与许多学术女性专家合作，并在1933年移民到巴勒斯坦托管地后继续与他们合作。这个拟议的研究项目的中心目标是揭示Erna Meyer对她的家乡德国和巴勒斯坦/以色列的现代家居发展的贡献，探索社会，文化，犹太人身份和国籍问题，并将建筑与性别联系起来。该项目分为四个分项目，重点研究Erna Meyer的活动、她对德国和巴勒斯坦/以色列现代家庭的影响、知识转让以及两国技术与现代妇女之间的关系。我们理解迈耶在德国和巴勒斯坦/以色列的活动，作为一个全面的工作机构，她不断发展的理论和思想的影响，对现代家庭。如果没有她在魏玛时期获得的知识和经验，她移民到巴勒斯坦后的专业活动是不可能的，更不用说她在德国获得的名声了。此外，迈耶不仅将她的知识转移到这个新的地方，而且将其适应了完全不同的环境。我们对现代建筑的主角的了解，大部分都是来自于一种学术研究，这种学术研究集中在特定的设计场地和建筑物上，或者集中在著名建筑师的传记上，直到最近，这些建筑师都是男性。这项研究的首要目标是将Erna Meyer，一位开创性的家居改革者，其哲学对现代家居设计的发展产生了很大的影响，包括在现代建筑的史学中。

In Germany and across Europe, the most influential home reformer was the Jewish economist Dr. Erna Meyer (Berlin 1890 - Haifa 1975). She wrote books, edited a magazine of her own, and curated exhibition sections. Her philosophy on the development of the modern home, especially the rational kitchen, had much influence. In December 1933, Meyer emigrated from Munich and settled in Tel Aviv, becoming an authority in this field in her new homeland as well. Meyer’s career started with her groundbreaking book Der Neue Haushalt (1926) which paved her way into the world of architecture and design, allowing her to participate in conceptualizing the modern domestic sphere in Germany and elsewhere. Meyer became an active partner of the German modern architecture movement, offered advice on kitchen design while also presenting her own designs, participated in curating architectural exhibitions, and became the household management expert for the housing projects developed by the RFG governmental committees (Reichsforschungsgesellschaft; the Reich Research Society for Economic Efficiency in Building and Housing). She collaborated with many academic women experts in various areas and continued to collaborate with them after immigrating to Mandatory Palestine in 1933. The central aim of this proposed research project is to reveal Erna Meyer’s contributions to the development of the modern home in both her homelands, Germany and Palestine/Israel, exploring issues of society, culture, Jewish identity, and nationality and linking architecture with gender. The project is organized into four sub-projects, which will focus on the study of Erna Meyer’s activities, her influence on the modern home in Germany and Palestine/Israel, the transfer of knowledge and the relationship between technology and the modern woman in the two countries. We understand Meyer’s activities in Germany and Palestine/Israel as a comprehensive body of work influenced by her constantly evolving theories and ideas on the modern home. Her professional activities following her immigration to Palestine would not have been possible without the knowledge and experience she gained in the Weimar Republic—not to mention the fame she had gained in Germany. Moreover, Meyer did not merely transfer her knowledge to this new location but adapted it to a completely different context. Much of what we know about the protagonists of modern architecture is the result of a scholarship that focused on specific designed sites and buildings or on biographical accounts of notable architects, exclusively male until recently. The foremost goal of this research is to include Erna Meyer, a pioneering home reformer whose philosophy had much influence on the development of modern home design, in the historiography of modern architecture.