A STUDY OF TEAMWORK CHARACTERISTICS THAT INCREASE THE ACCURACY AND CREATIVITY OF GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING

本研究从社会心理学的角度揭示了优秀团队合作的特征和功能，这种团队合作使群体问题解决具有准确性和创造性。首先，笔者对团队合作概念的研究进行了回顾，并对本研究中团队合作的定义进行了重新梳理，以明确本研究的目的和研究轨迹。第一个实证研究是在一家大型电力公司的东京分支的促销团队进行的。我通过电子通讯系统，使用电子邮件，网络会议和电子公告板，在销售促进团队中获得了完整的信息交流记录。然后从时间序列的角度进行内容分析。并对团队成员进行了问卷调查，对团队管理者进行了访谈。此外，我还将这些分析的结果在一个表现出色的团队和一个表现不佳的团队之间进行了比较。在一个优秀的团队中，很大一部分的信息交换是由面向任务和面向问题解决的信息所占据的。大多数成员选择的概念，团队合作是每个成员完成自己的使命的团队合作。另一方面，在一个挣扎的团队中，大部分的信息交换是由情感支持和澄清导向的。大多数成员选择了这样一种观念，即每个成员都要掩盖彼此的弱点，这就是团队合作。本研究成功地证明了团队合作的概念与团队沟通和团队绩效的特征是动态相互作用的，这种动态相互作用会产生团队特征。未来的任务是澄清这种互动和团队问题解决和绩效之间的关系的模式。

The present study was intended to reveal the characteristics and functions of the excellent teamwork that enabled accurate and creative group problem solving from the viewpoint of social psychology. First of all, I made a review of studies about teamwork conceptions and recomposed the definition of teamwork on this study in order to clarify the purpose and locus of this study. The first empirical study was conducted on sales promotion teams in Tokyo branch of a major electric company. I got full records of exchanged information via electric communication system using email, net meeting and electronic bulletin board in that sales promotion teams. Then I conducted the content analysis with time series perspectives. And I carried out the questionnaire survey on the team members and interview to managers of the teams. In addition, I compared the results of these analyses between an excellent performing team and a struggling team for poor performance.The results of this study were as follows. In an excellent team, large part of the exchanged information was occupied by task oriented and problem solving oriented ones. And most of the members chose the notion that teamwork was that each member completed own mission as teamwork. On the other hand, in a struggling team, large part of exchanged information was occupied by emotional support oriented and clarification oriented ones. And most of the members chose the notion that each member covered mutual weakness as teamwork. This study succeeded in demonstrating that the notion of teamwork in a team was interacting dynamically with the trait of team communication and team performance, and that such dynamic interaction would generate the team characters. The future task is to clarify the modalities of the relationships between such interaction and team problem solving and performance.