Role of Govemment Research Institutions in Japan's National Innovation System

1.本研究的目的是实证分析政府研究机构在国家创新体系中的作用。2002年的研究基于2001年的以下研究。[圈内1]收集有关研究经费和支出、研究人员数量、他们在日本整体研发中的份额、政府对政府研究机构的政策和相关政府预算的基本统计和信息。[圈2]政府研究机构拥有的专利数量，以及它们的使用、许可和与产业界的共同所有权。[圈内3]研究所下属的研究机构在筑波地区的活动，特别是它们与工业的关系。[圈内4]采访政府各部委，了解他们对当前政府研究机构与工业之间关系的看法。在这项初步研究的基础上，2002年进行的研究得出了以下结论。[圈内1]过去二十年，政府研究机构的预算和研究人员数量保持稳定。从少数机构的更名和合并来看，在2002年政府研究机构“代理化”之前，几乎没有进行过组织变革。政府研究机构的身份变得不清楚，因为它们的地位介于开展基础研究的大学和具有较强研究能力的大公司和初创企业之间。[圈4]在政府研究机构拥有的专利中，政府研究机构与行业共同拥有的专利使用较多。

1. The purpose of the research is to analyze empirically the role of govemment research institution in a national innovation system.2. Research in 2002 was based on the following research in 2001.【encircled 1】To collect basic statistics and information on research funding and expenditure, number of researchers, their share in Japanese R＆D as a whole, govemment policies towards govemment research institutions, and related govemment budget.【encircled 2】Number of patents owned by govemment research institutions, and their use, licensing, and co-ownership with industry. 【encircled 3】Activities of research institutions under AIST in Tsukuba area, especially, their relationship with industry. 【encircled 4】Interview with govemment ministries about their view on the current relationship between govemment research institutions and industry. Based on this preliminary research, the following findings were made by the research conducted in 2002. 【encircled 1】Budget and the number of researchers at govemment research institutions remained stable for the last two decades. 【encircled 2】A side from the alterations of the names and consolidations of few institutions, little organizational change has been done until the "agencification" of govemment research institutions in 2002.【encircled 3】The identity of govemment research institutions became unclear as their position is between universities that conduct basic research and large firms and startups with strong research capabilities. 【encircled 4】Among the patents owned by govemment research institutions, jointly owned patents between govemment research institutions and industry were used more.