Agricultural landscape changing due to social and economical structure change and formation process for safety environment in the mountainous rural village in the area of Japan's Southern Alps

本研究以日本南阿尔卑斯山山区农村社会经济结构变化引起的农业景观变化及安全环境的形成过程为研究对象，围绕以下两个主题展开研究：(1)传统农业系统及其技术细节及其对农业生产的影响。农村土地利用向安全环境转变的任务。(2)山区农村耕地充裕对安全作业环境的影响和土地改良对安全环境的影响。位于日本南部阿尔卑斯山约20度或更高的山坡上的龟村村，是一个陡峭的S坡地。那里有连续的地膜香料种植。这说明了为什么目前仍在延续着传统耕作制度对下毛里的土壤性质。结果是…浅层土壤中直径小于20 mm的岩石含量较高，下莫古里的低层土壤较多。防止因降雨冲击能量降低造成的土壤侵蚀。此外，作物垃圾连续喷洒粪肥和地膜，使表层土壤保持柔软和高传导性。第二次调查是在新泻的Makimura村进行的，该村是典型的土地滑坡区农业用地。适用于滑坡地区的农业技术有很多。在灌溉用水短缺的地区，农民通常在水稻收割后立即打好水坑。此外，在该地区，农民除了渗入外，还将水渠压实，以节省水分损失。最后，在三部川河流域，天川河的一条大支流被选为典型的城镇土地利用替代农业用地的研究区域。基于这些调查结果，本研究提出了区域分区规划的“同心模式”，具体如下。(1)未经调整的稻田梯田，应保留为文化景观的象征，其位置位于该地区同心圆的中间。然而，面积是有限的。(2)(1)区域周围的大部分水稻梯田都是农业生产区，并通过各种土地整理方式进行调整。(3)位于(2)农业区以外的废弃农田，按粗放经营管理。(4)在山区的最球状部分，对佐山地区进行了适当的管理。根据采用这种模式，在长野、小商所表现出了极佳的效果。较少

In this study, 'Agricultural landscape changing due to social and economical structure change and formation process for safety environment in the mountainous rural village in the area of Japan's Southern Alps', has investigated on following 2 main themes, (1)On the details for traditional agricultural systems and its skills and how impact the agricultural. land use changing to safety environment in task in rural village. (2) Influences of farmland abundance in mountainous rural village for safety task environment and land improvement for to prevent the less for safety environment.First of all, on the theme 1 had investigated and studied in Kamimura village. A steep s-lope colony, Shimoguri, is in Kamimura village, located in a mountainside where slope are ca. 20 degree or more of Japan's Southern Alps region. There have carried continuous mulch spices farming. It made clear why there currently continuous the traditional farming system on the soil properties of Shimoguri. The results sh … More ow soils in Shimoguri have high concentration of rocks, smaller than 20mm diameter, in shallow soil. And it prevent for soil erosion due to impact energy reduce of rain. In addition, continuous spray of manures and mulch by crops' rubbishes keep surface soil soft and high conductivity. Second investigation was carried in Makimura village, Niigata where is typical agricultural land use on lands slide area. There are many skillful agricultural techniques for suit on land slide area. In the area of water shortage for irrigation, farmers usually have done puddling immediately after harvesting their rice. And also in that area, farmers keep compact the paddy ditch for save water loss by beside infiltration. Finally, in the watershed of Mibugawa River, a big branch of Tenryugawa River, was selected as study area where a typical area of increasing town land use instead of agricultural land use.Based on these investigation results, this mission proposes 'Concentric Model' for regional zoning plan that details as follows. (1) The rice terraces, so call Tanada, were not readjusted, should remain as a symbol of cultural landscape, and their locations are in the middle of concentric circled in the region. However, the area is limited. (2) Most of rice terraces surrounding the area located in (1) are working as agricultural production area, and they are readjusted by various land consolidation method. (3) Abandoned farmlands, which are located outer agricultural area of (2), are managed as extensive farming. (4) Satoyama areas are managed appropriately at the most spherical parts of mountainous. According to adopt this model in Obasute, Koshoku, Nagano shows excellent results. Less