Experimental Research on Risk Cognition in Driving Behavior of Automobile

汽车驾驶员的感知、认知和行为需要在多种条件下考虑。本研究的重点是在考虑道路安全和道路效率（容量）的情况下，与道路几何形状、道路线形和周围交通状况有关的物体（如引导标志）的速度、距离感知和可见性。本研究的目的是利用虚拟现实的视觉技术开发驾驶员行为的实验室实验系统，并利用对比真实世界实验的系统构建驾驶员行为的评价技术。试图从驾驶员风险认知的角度来考察驾驶员的认知和行为特征。今年，利用东京都大学已经开发的“移动景物影像实验系统（MSIES）”，对弯道进行了实验研究，建立了驾驶员视觉环境的三维计算机图形模型。实验由新手和驾车者的比较组成，使用的案例是有/没有研究交通安全装置，装置类型（后锥和圈定器）的差异，高度和频率。另外还对由引导系统和由符号或颜色构成的辅助标志组成的交叉口引导标志系统进行了评价实验。通过这些实验，明确了系统的一些局限性；通用计算机的屏幕分辨率对于标识识别起始点的评价和速度感知的再现性存在一定的局限性。实验结果表明，该实验系统具有一定的实验室实验潜力，可用于驾驶员认知评价。

Automobile Drivers' perception, cognition and behavior should be considered under so many conditions. The speed and distance perception and visibility of objects such as guidance signs are focused in this study, in relation with road geometry, road alignment, and surrounding traffic conditions under consideration of road safety and road efficiency (capacity). The purposes of the study are to develop a laboratory experiment system of drivers' behavior with visual technique of virtual reality and to construct the evaluation technique with the system comparing real world experiments. The drivers' cognition and behavior characteristics are tried to be examined from the view points of drivers' risk cognition.This year, an experimental research was carried out for a curve section with 'MSIES (moving scenery image experiment system)', which is already developed in Tokyo Metropolitan University, creating the three-dimensional computer graphics model of visual environment of drivers. The experiment consists of comparison of novices and experts of drivers, and the cases used are with/without study of traffic safety devices, the difference of types of devices (post-cone and delineator) and heights and frequencies. The other experiment was also done for evaluating the intersection guidance sign system which consists of guidance system and supplement sign made of symbols or colors. Through these experiments, some of limitation of the system become clear ; screen resolution of general-purpose computer has limitation for the purpose of evaluation of starting point of recognition of signs, and reproducibility of speed perception. The experiment system is revealed to have some potential for laboratory experiments to evaluate driver's cognition.