Analytical Research on the Relationship between Science Teachers' Value of Science and Method of Science Teaching

什么样的科学教学方法取决于教师对科学本质的认识和教学经验？在许多地区，年轻教师得到经验丰富的教师的指导，并能够在在职培训中改进他们的科学教学方法。假设演绎教学是一种强调观察和实验的传统教学方法。此外，初中和高中的科学教学都需要以科学知识为中心进行科学知识的教学。明确科学教师对“科学本质”的理解与科学教学方法的关系是本研究的主要目的。科学教师对科学本质的认识基本上是传统的，强调在科学教学中采用归纳或演绎的方式。然而，通常采用讲授的方法和技巧来促进学生对-…的理解由于入学考试，更多的是以科学知识为内容。我们设计了《科学教学中科学本质的处理》问卷，对65名初中理科教师进行了16个项目的问卷调查，并与大学生(理科专业)的结果进行了比较。本研究在McComas W.F.(2000)研究的基础上，设计了16个纸质试题，其中包括《科学教学中的科学本质》和《科学家所做的科学》。本研究的主要结果如下：(1)教师对科学的极限(学习内容的效用)的理解比学生更肯定，(2)教师对科学的想象要素(进行观察和基于学生思想的实验)的理解比学生更消极，(3)学生对实验的作用(科学以实验为主导)的理解比教师更肯定；教师和学生对科学知识的尝试性、科学的前提性、科学的主体性以及推理在科学的文化和科学中的作用的认识必须得到肯定，可以说，在科学教师教育中有必要对《科学本质的理解》进行正确的反思。在以科学本质为基础的科学教学实践中引入观察、实验和学生讨论的意义是必要的。在科学教学的实践和评价中，对科学教学的动态改进具有十分重要和根本的意义。较少

What method of science teaching depends on teacher's idea of the Nature of Science and his/her teaching experience? There are a lot of districts where young teachers are mentored by the experienced teachers and are able to improve their method of science teaching in inservice training. The hypothesis-deductive instruction is a traditional method which observation and the experiment are emphasized. Moreover, the content of science is very large to teach students, which require science knowledge centered instruction in science teaching in junior and senior high schools. To identify the relationship between science teachers' understanding of "The Nature of Science (NOS)" and method of science teaching is main purpose in this research. The science teachers' understanding of the nature of science are fundamentally traditional, which emphasize the inductive or deductive way in science teaching. However, the lecture methods and techniques is usually used to promote students' understanding of- … More the science knowledge as content because of the entrance examinations. So most of teachers ignore "NOS" in science teaching.We designed the questionnaire concerning "Handling of the nature of science in the science teaching" which has 16 items for 65 junior high school science teachers, compared with the result of the university students (science major). In this research, 16 investigation item of paper test consist of "the Nature of Science in science teaching" and "Science which the scientist did" which was designed based on the research by McComas W.F (2000). The followings were the main results of this research ; (1) The teachers' understanding on the limit of the science (utility of the content of study) is more affirmative than that of the students ; (2) The teachers understanding on the imaginative elements of the science (execution of the observation and the experiment based on student's idea) is more extremely negative than the students ; (3) The students' understanding of the role of the experiment (The science is led by the experiment) is more affirmative than that of the teachers ; and, (4) The teachers and the students must be affirmative on the understanding in the tentativeness of science knowledge, the preconception, the subjectivity of the science, and the role of the inference in the culture and the science of the science.It can be said that it is necessary to review "the understanding of the Nature of Science" in the science teacher education correctly. Moreover, introducing the meaning of the observation and the experiment and the discussions by the students in the practice of the science teaching by which the nature of the science is assumed to be a base is necessary. In the practice and the evaluation of science teaching will be very important and essentially to improve science teaching dynamically. Less