Study of Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Virus-induced Diarrhea

(1)用基因工程方法成功制备了14个诺如病毒样颗粒和1个皂状病毒样颗粒。随后，我们在世界上首次建立了检测诺如病毒的免疫层析方法。我们还开发了针对这种病毒的EIA。(2)设计和建立了检测A、B、C组轮状病毒的RT-多重聚合酶链式反应(RT-MPCRS)和腺病毒(SET A)、诺如病毒GI、GII、星状病毒和皂病毒(SET B)、甲型和戊型肝炎病毒、肠道病毒和甲型流感病毒(SET C)。对检测到的这些病毒进行了基因测序分析。此外，还对食物(贝类)和来自河流或海洋的水进行了实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应。结果表明，该方法具有较高的灵敏度和特异度。它将成为食品安全的一个指标。(3)从分子流行病学来看，过去20年轮状病毒的流行高峰在12月或1月，但现在轮状病毒的发病率有向3、4月份转移的趋势。诺沃克病毒感染的高峰期在11月或12月，被称为冬季。(4)最流行的轮状病毒G1型从90年代的80-90%下降到21世纪头10年的10-30%。其他血清型如G2、3、4和9约占20-30%。用单抗和轮状病毒株序列分析，发现了亚型内亚型。值得注意的是，C组轮状病毒突然在Maizuru地区爆发。在诺如病毒和萨普病毒中发现了新的基因类型和重配株。腹泻病毒可分为人传人、空气传播和食源性传播。(5)在脑病和脑炎的脑脊液中，常发现轮状病毒基因组。然而，目前尚不清楚该病毒引起脑病和脑炎的机制。SiRNA和光催化剂(TiO2光催化剂)是公认的治疗轮状病毒感染的有效药物。

(1)We succeeded to make 14 norovirus-like particles and a sapovirus-like particle by a genetic engineering method. Then, we developed firstly in the world an immunochromatographic method for detection of norovirus. We also developed EIA for this virus. (2)RT-multiplex PCRs to detect group A, B and C rotaviruses and adenovirus (set A), norovirus GI,GII, astrovirus and sapovirus (set B), hepatitis A and E viruses, enteroviruses and influenza A virus (set C) were designed and used to screen these viruses. These viruses detected were further characterized by genetic sequencing analyses. Moreover, food (shell fish) and water from river or sea were examined by real time PCR. It is found that this method is excellent with high sensitivity and specificity. It will be an indicator for food safety. (3)From the molecular epidemiology, the peak of prevalence of rotavirus was December or January over the past 20 years, however there is nowadays a shift of rotavirus incidence in March or April. A peak of norovirus infection is found in November or December known as winter. (4)The most prevalent rotavirus serotype G1 has been decreasing from 80-90% in 1990s to 10-30% in 2000s. Other serotyes such as G2,3,4 and 9 accounted for around 20-30%. By using monoclonal antibodies and sequence of rotavirus strains, subserotypes in intraserotype appeared. Note of worth was an outbreak of group C rotavirus suddenly appeared in Maizuru area. New genotypes and reassortant strains were recognized in norovirus and sapovirus. Human to human transmission, air-borne transmission and food-borne transmission were recognized in diarrheal viruses. (5)In the CSF of encephalopathy and encephalitis, rotavirus genome was often found. However, we could not clarify the mechanism of encephalopathy and encephalitis caused by this virus. SiRNA and photocatalyst (TiO_2) were recognized effective on rotavirus infection.