Longitudinal Study on Risk and Protective Factors for Delinquent and Problem Behaviors of Junior High School Children.

本研究以2002年9月至2004年9月为研究对象，追踪研究对象为国中学童，探讨其犯罪行为与问题行为之相关因素。受试者为近千名七年级<th>学生，他们的父母居住在爱知县和福岛县。儿童每隔4个月回答问卷7次，家长每隔1年回答问卷3次。问卷内容包括青少年犯罪行为、抑郁、自我价值感、气质、应对策略、同伴行为和同伴关系、学校取向、家庭环境（父母教养方式、父母关系、家庭功能）。每次回答问卷的儿童为212人（121名女性和91名男性）。有关青少年犯罪的主要调查结果如下：（1）青少年的青少年犯罪行为存在一定的发展模式，（2）青少年犯罪行为与抑郁相关，（3）气质因素在青少年犯罪行为的发展中起重要作用，（4）青少年犯罪行为的儿童报告与父母报告存在较大差异，父母对儿童犯罪行为的感知不准确;（5）儿童受同伴的影响。在抑郁症状方面，（1）出现抑郁症状的儿童占样本的20%以上，（2）在每个数据收集期内持续出现抑郁症状的儿童占样本的10%以上，（3）存在明显而一致的性别差异，女性比男性更抑郁，（4）父母因素对估计的影响很小，（5）儿童自我价值感和同伴因素的影响力大于父母和家庭因素。

Longitudinal data collection performed to document junior high-school children's delinquent and problem behaviors and to clarify risk and protective factors to delinquent and problem behaviors for three years from September 2002 to September 2004. Subjects were almost a thousand 7^<th> graders and their parents resided in Aichi and Fukushima Prefectures. Children answered questionnaires 7 times by 4-month interval, and parents answered questionnaire 3 times by one-year interval. The questionnaires composed children's delinquent behaviors, depression, self-worth, temperament, coping strategy, peer behaviors and peer relationships, school orientation, and family environment such as parenting, father-mother relationship, and family functioning. The children who answered questionnaires every time were 212 (121 females and 91 males).Major findings on delinquency were as follow : (1) there were some progress patterns of delinquency, (2) delinquent behaviors correlated with depression, (3) temperamental factors played important role in development of delinquent behaviors, (4) there were big discrepancies between child's report and parental report, and parents did not perceive child's delinquent behaviors precisely, (5) children were influenced by peer. On depressive symptoms, (1) the children who showed depressive symptoms were amounted more than 20% of sample, (2) the children who showed depressive symptoms consistently for every data collection period were amounted more than 10% of sample, (3) there were clear and consistent gender differences, females were more depressive than males, (4) the parental factors had very small power to estimations, (5) child's own self-worth and peer factors showed greater power rather than parental and family factors.