A study on the deixis in the Germanic languages

本项目旨在分析英语、德语和荷兰语的指示语现象。设立了以下目标：1)每种语言的指示语分析；2)三种语言指示语的对比研究；3)指示语理论背景的发展。对于1)和2)；对go型指示动词和come型指示动词进行了考察和对比。在用法方面，荷兰语gaan与英语go的相似度高于德语gehen，而荷兰语komen与德语kommen的相似度高于英语come。对英语口语和德语口语的其他细微指示条件进行了考察。并从指示语的角度分析了德语和日语的间接引语问题。3);主要研究指示本身的概念和原点的投影问题。指示语被定义为以折纸为背景的言语指向。对于折线的投影问题，论证了要充分说明折线的投影，不仅要知道折线的位置，而且要知道由谁来设置折线。讨论了时间概念与时间表达的关系，以及日语中自由间接引语的问题。

The purpose of this project was to analyze the deictic phenomena in English, German and Dutch. The following objectives were set ; 1) analysis of deixis of each language, 2) contrastive study of the three languages in terms of deixis, 3) development of the theoretical background of deixis.For 1) and 2); the go-type and come-type deictic verbs were examined and contrasted. As for the usage it was shown that Dutch gaan is more similar to English go than German gehen whereas Dutch komen is more similar to German kommen than English come. As for English come and German kommen other minute deictic conditions were examined. Moreover the problem of reported speech was analyzed for German and Japanese in terms of deixis.For 3); mainly the notion of deixis itself and the problem of the projection of-the origo were examined. Deixis was defined as verbal pointing with the setting of origo. As for the projection of the origo it was demonstrated that not only the location of the origo but also who sets the origo is essential to fully illustrate the projection of the origo. Moreover the relationship between the notion of time and the time expressions, and the problem of free indirect speech in Japanese was discussed.