International Intelligibility of Japanese English - from the Viewpoints of World Englishes and Cross-cultural Understanding

在本研究计画中，有十三篇研究论文，九篇在国际或国内学术会议上的报告，以及两本书作为研究成果。日本英语国际可理解性研究分为五个部分：吉川的研究是对早期研究的回顾，是对习惯表达的语义调查，盐泽的研究是对日本人说英语时的心理状况的调查，仓本的研究是对非语言交际的调查，小宫的研究是对句法的调查，志忠的研究是对语音和音系的调查。此外，所有研究者都负责一份关于日本英语可懂度的问卷。根据这些研究结果，获得了以下重要认识：1.早期关于英语新变体的国际可理解性的建议仅限于音系学和词汇语法学领域。语义的透明性和不透明性对英语习语表达的学习都是有效的 ...更多信息 3.情感能力是日本人克服说英语心理障碍的重要因素.当日本人说英语时，他们的非语言交际不太受英语民族文化的影响。日本英语的一些语法和语用特征不是错误，而是特征.母语者的发音并不总是日语的典范。此外，研究者还向许多外国人（包括英语本族语者和非英语本族语者）发放了一份问卷，请他们对日本大学生所写的英语句子的可接受性进行判断。问卷调查结果显示，他们的可接受性高于日本（英语教师）。这意味着日本人的判断是以英语为母语的。这一结果表明，日本人不得不将日本英语视为英语变体之一，并将其纳入世界英语的概念中。少

In this research project, thirteen research articles, nine presentations in the international or nation-wide academic conferences, and two books are able to be given as the research results. Five researchers divided up the research on International Intelligibility of Japanese English Yoshikawa's charge was a check of earlier researches and a semantic survey to idiomatic expressions, Shiozawa's psychological situation at the time of speaking English by Japanese, Kurahashfs a nonverbal communication, Komiya's a syntactic research, and Shimouch'a phonetic and phonological survey. In addition, all researchers were in charge of a questionnaire about intelligibility of Japanese English. According to these research results, the following significant knowledge was obtained :1. Earlier proposals on international intelligibility of new English varieties are limited to the fields of phonology and lexicogrammar2. Semantic transparency or opacity is effective to learning of English idiomatic expres … More sions.3. Affective competence is important for Japanese to overcome psychological problems in English speaking.4. When Japanese people speak EFL, their nonverbal communication is not so influenced by the culture of an English-speaking people.5. Some grammatical and pragmatic features of Japanese English are not errors but characteristics.6. Native speakers'pronunciation is not always the model to Japanese.7. A certain degree of limitation to using English phrasal verbs which are difficult to Japanese has to be required.In addition, the researchers gave a questionnaire to many foreign people (not only English native speakers but also non-native ones) and asked them to judge the acceptability of English sentences written by some Japanese college students. The result of the questionnaire shows that their acceptability is higher than Japanese (English teachers) one. It means that the Japanese judgment is on the basis of English as a native language. This result indicates that Japanese has to consider Japanese English as one of the English varieties and has to recognize it in the concept of World Englishes. Less