Economic Crisis and the EU Sustainable Development Strategy for an Aging Society.

自2000年以来，欧盟及其成员国的人口老龄化不断推进，养老金改革成为必须面对的最重要问题。希腊债务危机对欧洲国家也产生了连锁反应，这进一步加剧了人们对欧元的担忧，加剧了社会老龄化问题。本研究的目的是探讨这些养老金政策制度在欧盟层面形成的背景，探讨欧盟各国出现类似养老金改革和养老金政策的原因，以及这些原因与全球经济危机的联系，并阐明其未来的方向和问题。从这个角度出发，提出了一项针对欧盟老龄化社会的战略：(1)提高就业能力，(2)促进创业精神，(3)提高劳动力和管理的适应性，以进行结构性改革，(4)促进男女机会平等。自经济危机以来，欧洲国家出现了超越政党和派别界限的具有一定程度相似性的福利政策制度，特别是养老金政策制度。2010年3月，欧洲理事会通过了新的中期经济增长战略《欧洲2020》，这是继《里斯本战略》之后的下一代欧盟战略。这旨在使欧盟在短期内摆脱经济和金融危机的影响，同时在未来十年实现持续的经济增长。欧元区正在实行单一的财政政策，但财政政策是由每个国家执行的。由于当前的全球经济和金融危机，欧元区的经济相互依存得到了加强，财政政策协调在欧元区的重要性也在养老金改革的讨论中得到了明显的体现。为了确保养老金的可持续性，首先必须确保金融体系的稳定，然后是危机应对退出战略、企业复苏和经济增长。恢复财政稳健不可能仅仅通过全面提高税收或削减支出来实现。有必要考虑对教育、研发和其他有助于经济持续增长的领域给予更高的优先级。毫无疑问，每个成员国都必须实现财政稳健，否则就不可能建立起充分的、财政上可持续的、稳定的养老金体系。少

The aging of the population in the EU and member states has progressed since 2000, and pension reform has become an issue of the greatest importance that must be faced. There has also been a ripple effect on European countries from the debt crisis sparked by the Greek crisis, and this has further heightened concerns about the euro while exacerbating the problem of the aging society. The purpose of this study is to explore the background to the formation of these kinds of pension policy regimes at the EU level, to explore the reasons why similar pension reforms and pension policies emerged in the various EU countries in terms of the connection of those reasons with the global economic crisis, and to clarify their future directions and issues. A strategy for the aging EU society was declared from this perspective for(1) the improvement of employability,(2) the promotion of entrepreneurship,(3) improvement of labor and management adaptability for the purpose of structural reform, and(4) t … More he promotion of equal opportunities for men and women. Welfare policy regimes and, particularly, pension policy regimes with a degree of similarity that goes beyond the boundaries of political parties and factions have emerged in the European countries since the economic crisis. The European Council of March 2010 agreed upon Europe 2020, the new medium-term economic growth strategy that is the next generation of EU strategy after the Lisbon strategy. This is intended to bring about the EU's escape from the effects of economic and financial crisis in the short term while also achieving sustained economic growth over the coming decade. A single financial policy is being pursued in the euro economic zone, but fiscal policy is being carried out by each country. The importance of fiscal policy coordination in the Eurozone, where mutual economic interdependence is advanced because of the present global economic and financial crisis, has also been cast in sharp relief by the discussion of pension reform. In order to assure the sustainability of pensions, it is necessary first to make sure of the stability of the financial system, after which a crisis response exit strategy, business recovery, and economic growth are essential. Restoration of fiscal soundness cannot be achieved just by raising taxes or cutting expenditures uniformly across the board. It is necessary to consider giving higher priority to spending on education, R & D, and other such sectors that contribute to continuous economic growth. There can be no doubt that fiscal soundness must be achieved for each member state, without which adequate and fiscally sustainable, stable pension systems cannot be established. Less