Research on Change of Family Farm in Korea and Taiwan

东亚三个资本主义国家，即日本、韩国和台湾，都经历了战后土地改革以来的快速经济增长。这些土地改革废除了封建制度，建立了农民或家庭农业。但这项改革使每户农户的土地所有权变得中小型化。因此，在东亚，土地改革和土地制一直是资本主义积累的基础，没有得到适当的农业发展。然而，关于“经济增长和农业”的普遍命题还没有明确。具体地说，韩国和台湾的情况往往被认为是与日本时间滞后的阶段。本研究以统计分析与调查的方式，探讨韩国与台湾(土地改革后所建立的)农民与乡村社会的转型。本文的分析方法和主要研究成果如下：(1)提出了东亚地区农业结构比较分析的观点。具体而言，在历史分析的基础上，明确了当代韩台关系的必然性。(2)明确了家庭农业与乡村社会(以经济增长与农业为基础)的观点。社区已经撤退，而在韩国，家乡关系和血缘关系被发现是重要的。放弃农业的模式是韩国农村向城市迁移的结果，而同样的结果也是将农业视为副业的结果。

Three capitalistic countries of the East Asia namely Japan, Korea and Taiwan had experienced rapid economic growth since the agrarian reforms that each country underwent after the WW II. Those agrarian reforms abolished the feudalistic system and established peasant or family farming. But this reform made the land ownership by each farm family small and medium. Therefore, the agrarian reform and the system had been the foundation of capitalistic accumulation without proper agrarian development in East Asia. However, the universal thesis on "economic growth and agriculture" has not been made clear. Specifically, the cases of both Korea and Taiwan often have been regarded as the aspects of the phase of time lag with Japan. This study was undertaken to consider the transfiguration of the peasant and the rural society in Korea and Taiwan (established by the agrarian reform) through statistical analysis and investigation. The method of analysis and the key findings of investigation are as follows.(1) The viewpoint of comparative analysis on the agrarian structure in East Asia has been proposed. Concretely, it has been made clear that the contemporary relation of Korea and Taiwan with Japan is necessarily based on the historical analysis.(2) The viewpoints of the family farming and rural society (based on the "economic growth and agriculture") have been pinpointed. The community was found to have retreated whereas, the relation of native place and the blood relation was found to be important in Korea. The pattern of giving up farming is an outcome of rural-urban migration in Korea, while the same was result of considering farming as a side business.