Intergenerational Studies Consortium: Understanding Mechanisms of Family Substance Use Transmission and Effects of Marijuana Legalization

项目摘要 我们建议研究酒精、烟草和其他药物使用的代际传递，包括 大麻使用，跨越3代（G1，G2和G3），以及州娱乐大麻合法化的影响 (RML)青少年使用。我们将采用（1）长期前瞻性深入研究的战略 世代研究（3GS），一个社区样本，由两个处于风险中的亲生子女（G3）组成。 俄勒冈州青年研究（OYS）中的成年男性（G2）;（2）通过与 另外两个研究小组，使用来自西雅图社会发展和代际项目的数据， (SSDP/TIP）和罗切斯特青年发展和代际研究（RYDS/RIGS）;以及（3） 综合数据分析（IDA）在这3项研究中， 区域和种族/民族背景，以回答高影响力的问题，包括关于州RML和使用 较低的药物。对于OYS/3GS，涉及G1父母和G2男性（目前年龄41-44岁） 因为G2是9-10岁。OYS男性显示出高水平的物质使用（est。50%的终身诊断 酒精依赖或滥用，20多岁时大麻使用率为50%）。G2的人，他们的G3 后代和G2母亲被招募到3GS，并从G3的幼儿期开始跟踪（对于最早出生的 G3）青春期晚期。具体目标将通过收集和分析数据来实现， 将G3样本量扩大至整个青春期，以检查ATOD增长的异质性。 已经并将评估G2和G3的多个ATOD指标，以解决代际问题 与IG一致性相关的假设（ATOD使用发展模式的代际相似性 包括发病、增长和影响）与不连续性，以及使用轨迹的异质性。 青春期一个动态的发展系统方法，侧重于两个一般（例如，外化）和 特定物质（例如，父母使用大麻）的风险因素将用于追踪发展途径， 前体（例如，ATOD意识），紧急行为（实验和发作），以及定期和 从儿童早期到青春期后期，ATOD的使用逐渐增加。IG同余 与不连续性将审查有关的背景风险和问题的传输 三代人的行为，以及两代人的父母行为和同伴影响。 中介和调节IG一致性将被检查，包括父母和孩子的性别和因素 导致IG改善而不是ATOD使用的恶化。关于RML，在RML之前和之后， 将检查儿童（生活在RML州内/外）对大麻和其他ATOD使用的影响， 沿着母体物质使用史对此类效应的调节。拟议的研究利用了3 美国国立卫生研究院数十年来投资于IG研究，以了解和破坏ATOD使用的家庭传播 问题，并量化国家RML对来自不同背景的青少年的公共卫生影响。

Project Summary We propose to study intergenerational transmission of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use, including marijuana use, across 3 generations (G1, G2, and G3), and effects of state recreational marijuana legalization (RML) on adolescents’ use. We will use a strategy of (1) intensive study of the long-term prospective Three Generational Study (3GS), a community sample consisting of up to two of the biological children (G3) of at-risk adult men (G2) in the Oregon Youth Study (OYS); (2) replications across three studies via collaborations with two other research teams, using data from the Seattle Social Development and Intergenerational Projects (SSDP/TIP) and the Rochester Youth Development and Intergenerational Studies (RYDS/RIGS); and (3) integrative data analysis (IDA) across these 3 studies on up to 1,200 G3 children of diverse socioeconomic, regional, and racial/ethnic backgrounds to answer high-impact questions including on state RML and use of lower prevalence drugs. For OYS/3GS, G1 parents and G2 men (currently ages 41–44 years) were involved since G2 were ages 9-10. The OYS men show high levels of substance use (est. 50% lifetime diagnoses for alcohol dependence or abuse and 50% prevalence of marijuana use in the mid 20s). G2 men, their G3 offspring, and G2 mothers were recruited to 3GS and followed from G3’s early childhood to (for earliest born G3) late adolescence. Specific Aims will be addressed through the collection and analysis of data that will expand the G3 sample size through adolescence in order to examine heterogeneity in growth of ATOD. Multiple indicators of ATOD in G2 and G3 have been and will be assessed to address intergenerational (IG) hypotheses related to IG congruence (similarities across generations in developmental patterns of ATOD use including onset, growth, and influences) versus discontinuity, and to heterogeneity in trajectories of use across adolescence. A dynamic developmental systems approach focusing on both general (e.g., externalizing) and substance-specific (e.g., parent marijuana use) risk factors will be used to trace developmental pathways to precursors (e.g., ATOD awareness), emergent behaviors (experimentation and onset), and regular and escalating ATOD use among individuals followed from early childhood to late adolescence. IG congruence versus discontinuity will be examined in relation to the transmission of contextual risk and problematic behaviors across three generations, and parenting behaviors and peer influences across two generations. Mediators and moderators of IG congruence will be examined, including parent and child gender and factors leading to IG amelioration versus worsening of ATOD use. Regarding RML, within- (pre- to post-RML) and between-child (living in/outside an RML state) effects on marijuana and other ATOD use will be examined, along with moderation of such effects by parent substance use history. The proposed study leverages 3 decades of NIH investment in IG studies to understand and disrupt the familial transmission of ATOD use problems, and quantify the public health impacts of state RML on adolescents from diverse backgrounds.