FINLAND STUDIES OF NUTRITION AND CANCER

目的：这些病因学研究的目的是 评估饮食的作用（包括脂肪、纤维、水果 蔬菜、硒、类黄酮和几种维生素 和类胡萝卜素）在乳腺癌、结肠直肠癌和 肺癌 研究背景：饮食与 营养在癌症的发展已经变得很好 通过各种研究工作。 实验室研究 对多种天然的抗癌药物显示出抗癌作用， 和合成营养素， 人类流行病学研究证实， 摄入量、组织水平和癌症发病率。 方法：该项目包括两项研究。 第一 是一个以人群为基础的乳腺癌病例对照 芬兰赫尔辛基的一项研究， 饮食史问卷，人体测量， 和其他生殖问卷数据。 女性被诊断 良性乳腺疾病的患者也进行了研究。 第二 这项研究是基于一个大型人群队列 （n= 10 000）通过社会保险机构， 诊断前基线饮食史和其他风险 因子数据 进展：关于膳食脂肪摄入量的结果已经 从队列研究中报告， 能量摄入之间的关联（与正关联） 对于饮食脂肪）与乳腺癌的风险。 单-和 多不饱和脂肪对这种关联的贡献更大 而不是饱和脂肪。 在同一项研究中， 观察到肺癌与水果摄入之间的关系， 不吸烟男性的类胡萝卜素以及维生素E和C。 没有 饮食中的视黄醇或硒，或 在吸烟者中。 根据病例对照研究，生殖 风险因素已被分析和报告，支持 建立风险协会，而饮食和 人体测量分析尚待进行。 试点研究 乳房脂肪组织脂肪酸和微量营养素水平 证明乳房组织水平无差异 象限或接近乳腺肿瘤。

Objective: The objectives of these etiologic studies are to assess the role of diet (including fat, fiber, fruits and vegetables, selenium, flavonoids, and several vitamins and carotenoids) in breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. Background: The important relationship of diet and nutrition in the development of cancer has become well known through various research efforts. Laboratory studies have shown cancer inhibitory function for various natural and synthetic nutrients in various models, which have been corroborated by human epidemiologic studies of nutrient intake, tissue levels, and cancer incidence. Methods: The project encompasses two studies. The first is a population- based, incident breast cancer case-control study in Helsinki, Finland, that utilized a modified dietary history questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and other reproductive questionnaire data. Women diagnosed with benign breast disease were also studied. The second study is based on a large population-based cohort (n=10,000) through the Social Insurance Institute, with prediagnostic baseline dietary histories and other risk factor data. Progress: Results concerning dietary fat intake have been reported from the cohort study and showed an inverse association between energy intake (and positive association for dietary fat) with breast cancer risk. Mono- and poly-unsaturated fats contributed to the association more than saturated fats. In the same study, inverse gradients were observed between lung cancer and intake of fruits, carotenoids and vitamin E and C in nonsmoking men. No associations were seen for dietary retinol or selenium, or among smokers. From the case-control study, reproductive risk factors have been analyzed and reported which support established risk associations, while dietary and anthropometric analyses are pending. The pilot study of breast adipose tissue fatty acid and micronutrient levels demonstrated no differences in tissue levels across breast quadrants or by proximity to breast tumors.