VISUAL MEDIA INFLUENCES ON ADOLESCENT SMOKING BEHAVIOR

据我们所知，目前还没有对这一关系的评估 在视觉媒体(电视和电视)中观看吸烟行为 电影)和在青年中采用吸烟。我们假设 接触视觉媒体中的吸烟与摄取 青少年吸烟。我们将通过一个 可行性研究。这项研究的目标是确定如何最好地 衡量这种环境暴露，并探讨其与 青少年吸烟行为。 该研究将包括以下部分：1)内容分析 上提供了500部主要电影的屏幕吸烟行为 1990年至1996年间的录像带。内容分析将为我们提供 有一种方法可以根据吸烟的数量和类型对电影进行评级 他们描述的行为；2)汇聚世界各地专家的会议 烟草流行病学、传播学、营销学和行为学领域 心理学。会议的目标是建立共识。 关于如何在视觉媒体中测量吸烟。这些措施将是 在研究的前两年进行了改进；3)焦点小组 以评估青少年对一系列吸烟的反应 在电影中展示的行为和相关主题。基于 结果在焦点小组中，我们将选择描绘吸烟的电影 在青少年认为有利的情况下；4)随机的 随机分配给青少年看电影的实验 这是否描绘了吸烟行为。在查看完 电影，学生将接受调查，以确定他们对 吸烟及其对吸烟效用的认知；5)一年 50名青少年的队列研究。确定可视媒体的类型 随着时间的推移，他们的电影和明星偏好的稳定性 随着时间的推移，我们将每月通过电话采访这些青少年；6) 两项针对青少年的大型横断面研究 青少年吸烟与明星喜好的关系 视觉媒体和报道的吸烟行为。 这项研究的主要结果变量包括吸烟经历 对于不吸烟的人，最近开发的一个指数结合了 用敏感度测量吸烟实验。这一指数 预测青少年未来成为吸烟者的风险。 次要结果衡量将包括衡量感知的变量 吸烟的效用与青少年是否视吸烟为规范 行为。

To our knowledge, there has been no assessment of the relationship between the viewing of smoking behavior in visual media (television and films) and the adoption of smoking among youth. We hypothesize that exposure to smoking in visual media is associated with the uptake of smoking in adolescents. We will investigate this association through a feasibility study. The goals of the study are to determine how to best measure this environmental exposure and to explore its relationship with adolescent smoking behavior. The study will include the following components: 1) A content analysis of on-screen smoking behavior for 500 major motion pictures available on video tape between 1990 and 1996. The content analysis will provide us with a way to rate movies according to the amount and type of smoking behavior they portray; 2) A conference bringing together experts in the fields of tobacco epidemiology, communications, marketing, and behavioral psychology. The objective of the conference is to establish a consensus on how to measure smoking in visual media. These measures will be refined throughout the first two years of the study; 3) Focus groups with adolescents to evaluate their responses to a range of smoking behaviors and associated themes exhibited in movies. Based on the results of the focus groups, we will choose movies that portray smoking in contexts that adolescents view as favorable; 4) A randomized experiment in which adolescents are randomly assigned to view a movie that does or does not portray smoking behavior. After viewing the movie, students will be surveyed to determine their susceptibility to smoking and their perception of the utility of smoking; 5) A one-year cohort study of 50 adolescents. To determine the types of visual media viewed over time and the stability of their movie and star preferences over time, we will interview these adolescents monthly by telephone; 6) Two large cross sectional studies of adolescents to evaluate the relationship between star preference and exposure to tobacco use in visual media and reported smoking behavior. The primary outcome variables for this study include smoking experience and, for non-smokers, a recently developed index that combines a measure of smoking experimentation with susceptibility. This index predicts an adolescent's risk of becoming a smoker in the future. Secondary outcome measures will include variables measuring perceived utility of smoking and whether adolescents view smoking as normative behavior.