APPLICATION OF SCATTERING MATRIX METHODS IN VIROLOGY

散射矩阵法在病毒学中的应用。抽象的。 目标是使光散射成为一种更有用的工具 在病毒学中，利用偏振效应 对粒子结构的变化高度敏感，但这可能 仅当散射粒子大小为 病毒。我们将尝试证明我们的方法的实用性 通过对TMV与TMV组装动力学的初步研究 天然的和外来的RNA，以及有和没有组装体 起爆地点。 偏振光的散射完全是 由一个包含16个元素的矩阵描述，每个元素都是 散射角的函数。独特性的测量 这16条曲线的形状告诉我们，我们将永远 通过光散射的方式了解样品。《矩阵》 自然分为六个“偶极”元素和十个“非偶极”元素 元素非偶极子元素在早期被忽略 光散射的发展，因为它们太小了 测量小分子的散射量。但在散布中 非常大的生物聚集体，如病毒，它们通常不是 难以测量，并且可能携带有关 集合体的结构和动态。主要障碍是 使用它们的原因是缺乏测量它们的仪器和 缺乏理论来解释这样的测量。工作是 从实验和理论两个方面提出。 (1)拟开展的试验工作。(A)改进我们的文书 这将使我们能够使用蓝光；(B)继续发展 对病毒样本进行准备，使其适合分散 实验；(C)类TMV合成棒的研究 统一且可控的长度，包括实时动态 棒组件的研究；(D)从 部分定向的病毒集成，测试理论 我们自己所作的预测；及。(五)有关 一种同时吸收的Mueller矩阵签名 散布。 (2)提出了理论工作建议。(A)持续发展 预测16条散射曲线的快速算法， 来自病毒及其发色团的模型；(B)分析 关于散布的强度起伏的十六 基本曲线，奠定了测量的理论基础。 病毒和其他聚集体的机械弹性，因为它们 会受到液体介质中的布朗力的干扰。

Applications of scattering matrix methods in virology. Abstract. The goal is to make light scattering a more useful tool in virology, exploiting polarization effects that are hypersensitive to variations in particle structure, but which may be measured only when the scattering particle is as large as a virus. We will attempt to prove the practicality of our method through initial studies of the kinetics of TMV assembly with natural and foreign RNA, and with and without the assembly initiation site. The scattering of polarized light is completely described by a matrix containing sixteen elements, each one a function of scattering angle. Measurement of the distinctive shapes of these sixteen curves tells us all that we will ever know about the sample by means of light scattering. The matrix divides naturally into six 'dipole' elements and ten 'nondipole' elements The nondipole elements were ignored in the early development of light scattering, because they are too small to measure in scattering by small molecules. But in scattering by very large bioaggregates such as viruses they are often not difficult to measure, and can carry important information about the structure and dynamics of the aggregate. The main hindrance to their use has been the lack of instruments to measure them and the lack of theory to interpret such measurements. Work is proposed on both experiment and theory. (1)Proposed experimental work. (a) improvements to our instrument which will allow us to use blue light; (b) continued development of preps for virus samples to make them suitable for scattering experiments; (c) studies on TMV-like synthetic rods of precisely uniform and controllable length, including real-time kinetic studies of rod assembly; (d) investigation of scattering from partially oriented ensembles of viruses, testing theoretical predictions made by ourselves; and (e) basic studies on the Mueller matrix signature of simultaneous absorption and scattering. (2) Proposed theoretical work. (a) continued development of rapid algorithms for predicting the sixteen scattering curves, from a model of the virus and its chromophores; (b) an analysis of scattered intensity fluctuations in terms of the sixteen fundamental curves, laying a theoretical basis for measuring the mechanical elasticity of viruses and other aggregates, as they are perturbed by Brownian forces in the liquid medium.