UK Multi-Scale Biology Network

生命，从细菌这样的单个细胞，到动植物种群，都是复杂和多层次的。在一个尺度上作用的过程可以在更大和更小的尺度上对系统产生深远的影响。例如，单个细菌细胞的大小只有人类头发宽度的一小部分，它们可以形成群体，其行为受到集体相互作用的巨大影响。生长中的植物根尖或枝条顶端的分子和物理事件可以对整个植物产生深远的影响，因此对食物生产也有影响。在整个器官(如肺、心脏、肝脏)的规模上表现出来的疾病往往是由于构成这些器官的单个细胞的微观变化而引起的。多尺度生物学试图通过发展将生物科学与数学、物理、计算机科学和工程等其他学科相结合的新方法来提高我们对这些多层次生物系统的理解。这意味着在多个相关尺度(例如，单细胞和整个组织尺度；单个植物/动物和农场或生态系统尺度)收集数据，并开发工具来对这些系统进行推理和建模，同时考虑到一个尺度上的变化可能如何影响其他尺度上的系统。多尺度生物学对相关学科提出了许多新的挑战，并为开发在不同背景下发展的能力提供了许多机会。例如，天气预报和气候建模依赖于复杂的计算机模型和数据分析技术，这些模型和技术可适用于生物学背景。这些领域的经验表明，在空间、时间和尺度上定义的大量量化数据的可用性是多么重要，并表明需要在生物科学中进行重大转变，使类似详细数据的生成成为常规。另一方面，在多尺度生物系统的分析和计算机建模方面取得了许多进展，但许多模型很难重复使用或以新的方式与其他工具相结合。因此，需要社区努力分享最佳实践，鼓励制定和采用共享数据和模型的标准，确定该领域的机会，并将科学家团队聚集在一起，以应对生物科学领域的重大挑战，如全球粮食安全、可持续性、医疗保健以及减少和取代研究中的动物。拟议的网络将举办社区建设活动(来自不同学科的许多科学家就他们的工作及其如何为多尺度生物学做出贡献进行简短的“推介”)，黑客松和学习小组(团队以密集的方式在一周内合作开发计算工具或模型)，以及暑期学校(提供多尺度生物学培训)。此外，该网络将建立一个网站，以促进社区互动和资源共享，并支持研究小组之间的交流访问，以帮助启动新的合作。

Life, from single cells such as bacteria, to populations of plants and animals is complex and multi-layered. Processes acting at one scale can have profound effects on a system at larger and smaller scales. For example, single bacterial cells, whose size is a fraction of the width of a human hair, can form colonies whose behaviour is massively influenced by their collective interaction. Molecular and physical events at the tip of growing plant roots or shoots can have profound effects on the whole plant, and therefore on food production. Diseases that manifest themselves at the scale of whole organs (e.g. lungs, hearts, livers) often arise due to microscopic changes at the level of the individual cells that make up those organs. Multi-scale biology seeks to improve our understanding of these multi-layered biological systems by developing new approaches that combine biological sciences with other disciplines such as mathematics, physics, computer science and engineering. This means gathering data at multiple relevant scales (e.g. single cell and whole tissue scale; individual plants/animals and farm or ecosystem scale) and developing tools for reasoning about and modelling such systems whilst taking into account how changes at one scale may impact the system at other scales. Multi-scale biology presents many new challenges to the relevant disciplines, and many opportunities to exploit capabilities developed in different contexts. For example, weather forecasting and climate modeling rely on sophisticated computer models and techniques of data analysis which could be adapted for use in the biological context. Experience in those fields demonstrates how important is the availability of large amount of quantitative data defined over space, time, and across scales, and suggests that a major shift is required in the biosciences to make routine the generation of similarly detailed data. On the other hand, many advances have been made in the analysis and computer modelling of multiscale biological systems, but many of the models are hard to re-use or combine with other tools in novel ways. Thus a community effort is required to share best practice, to encourage the development and adoption of standards for sharing data and models, to identify opportunities in the field, and to bring together teams of scientists to address grand challenges in the biosciences, such as global food security, sustainability, healthcare, and the reduction and replacement of animals in research. The proposed network will run community building events (where many scientists from different disciplines give short "pitches" about their work and how it can contribute to multi-scale biology), hackathons and study groups (where teams work together over a week in an intensive way to develop computational tools or models), and a summer school (providing training in multi-scale biology). Furthermore, the network will host a website to facilitate community interactions and resource sharing, and support exchange visits between research groups to help launch new collaborations.