BBSRC Embrapa: Uncovering the genetic basis of the unique durable leaf rust resistance in the Brazilian wheat variety Toropi

英国的私人侦探是NIAB的Lesley Boyd博士。博伊德领导小麦-锈菌相互作用研究项目已有20年之久，他是国际公认的小麦-锈菌遗传学和生物学专家。博伊德是博洛格全球防锈倡议(BGRI)社区的成员，并积极与该国际社会合作。2011年，博伊德获得了BGRI珍妮·博劳格·劳贝女性小麦导师奖，以表彰她对年轻女性研究人员的支持和指导。Boyd多年来一直与非洲的合作者合作，参与了BBSRC-SARID项目：评估非洲小麦持久抗病基因的遗传多样性，导致开发出用于小麦育种的新型标记系统，BBSRC-SCPRID项目：在非洲的抗病小麦育种计划中实施有效的标记技术，以及BBSRC-灵活交流计划：英国合作伙伴关系，以支持小农吸收新作物品种以及农业和传播技术的进步。Boyd是与荷兰瓦赫宁根大学联合开展的EU FP7欧洲工业博士博士培训项目的协调人，也是欧洲和国际合作项目的合作伙伴，研究小麦和大麦非寄主抗性的翻译方面。巴西PI是来自EmbRapa国家小麦研究中心的Márcia Soares Chaves博士。自2002年以来，Chaves一直领导支持EmbRapa小麦育种计划的项目。这些研究活动涵盖了小麦对锈病的遗传抗性的许多方面：表型、基因分型、组织病理学、群体定位和功能基因组学的发展、病原菌流行病学和群体动态。CHAVE的主要成就是选择和深入描述了适应当地和区域环境的叶锈病持久APR来源，包括托罗皮的叶锈病APR。CHAVES的许多研究项目是EmbRapa小麦公司和南里奥格兰德州联邦大学(UFRGS)合作的。在UFRGS，何塞·马蒂内利教授在加强植物育种、植物病理学、遗传学、细胞和分子生物学等领域的互动方面发挥了重要作用。这两个机构之间的合作导致2009年在CNPq数据库上注册了“谷物锈菌研究小组”，该小组由Chaves和Martinelli共同领导。在这一合作下，开发了两篇博士论文，均旨在研究锈菌与禾本科互作的组织病理学，目的是更好地了解冬季谷物抗锈病的机制。查维斯和马蒂内利都是BGRI的成员。在NIAB，该联盟获得了小麦-锈病遗传学和生物学方面的广泛知识，特别是在分析特定小麦基因型-锈菌小种相互作用的生物学方面的应用。NIAB在小麦性状遗传分析和基因组选择方面拥有国际专业知识，并主持了英国合成小麦生产预育种计划。NIAB还举办高通量作物转化，小麦转化平台使用日本烟草协议。EmbRapa小麦有284公顷用于试验，为田间测试小麦与叶锈病的相互作用提供了理想的条件。在英国，由于黄锈病的存在，很难进行叶锈病试验。黄锈病是英国小麦的主要锈病，在叶锈病出现之前就在田间自然出现。EmbRapa小麦还拥有广泛的植物培养室，用于小麦-叶锈病感染实验。来自EmbRapa的其他成员包括Sandra Brammer博士和Sandra Mansur Scagliusi博士。UFRGS的雷纳塔·克鲁兹博士和费尔南达·贝莱德博士最近加入了这个研究联盟。

The UK PI is Dr Lesley Boyd, NIAB. Boyd has led a research program on wheat-rust interactions for 20 years, being an internationally recognised expert on wheat-rust genetics and biology. Boyd is a member of the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI) community and actively collaborates with this international community. In 2011 Boyd won the BGRI Jeanie Borlaug Laube Women in Triticum Mentor Award for her support and mentorship of young female researchers. Boyd has worked for many years with collaborators in Africa, being PI on the BBSRC - SARID project: Assessment of genetic biodiversity of durable disease resistance in African wheat genotypes, leading to the development of novel marker systems for wheat breeding, the BBSRC - SCPRID project: Implementing effective marker technologies into disease resistance wheat breeding programmes within Africa and the BBSRC-Flexible Interchange Program: UK partnership to support the uptake of new crop varieties by smallholder farmers and advancements in agricultural and dissemination technologies. Boyd is co-ordinator of a EU FP7 European Industrial Doctorate PhD Training Program joint with the University of Wageningen, The Netherlands: Max-CROP, and partner in European and International collaborative projects looking at translational aspects of Non-Host Resistance in wheat and barley.The Brazilian PI is Dr Márcia Soares Chaves from Embrapa National Wheat Research Centre. Since 2002 Chaves has led projects that support the Embrapa wheat breeding programs. These research activities cover many aspects of the genetic resistance in wheat to rusts diseases: phenotyping, genotyping, histopathology, development of mapping population and functional genomics, and pathogen epidemiology and population dynamics. Among Chaves main achievements are the selection and in-depth characterization of sources of durable APR to leaf rust adapted to local and regional environments, including the leaf rust APR in Toropi. Many of Chaves research projects are collaborative between Embrapa Wheat and the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). At UFRGS Prof. Jose Martinelli plays a significantly role in strengthening the interaction in areas such as plant breeding, plant pathology, genetics, cell and molecular biology. The cooperation between the two institutions led to the registration of the "Research Group on Cereal Rusts" on the CNPq database in 2009, which has its leadership shared by Chaves and Martinelli. Under this cooperation two PhD theses were developed, both aiming to investigate the histopathology of Puccinia x Gramineae interactions, with the goal to better understand the mechanisms involved in resistance of winter cereals to rusts. Chaves and Martinelli are both members of the BGRI. At NIAB the consortium has access to extensive knowledge in wheat-rust genetics and biology, in particular the application of microscopy in the analysis of the biology underlying given wheat genotype-rust race interactions. NIAB has international expertise in wheat trait genetic analyses and genomic selection, and is host to the UK pre-breeding program on synthetic wheat production. NIAB also hosts high-throughput crop transformation, with the wheat transformation platform using the Japan Tobacco protocol.Embrapa Wheat has 284 ha that are used for experimentation and provides ideal conditions for field testing wheat-leaf rust interactions. In the UK leaf rust trials are difficult to carry out because of the presence of yellow rust, the major rust disease of wheat in the UK, which appears naturally in the field before the emergence of leaf rust. Embrapa Wheat also has extensive plant incubation rooms calibrated for wheat-leaf rust infection experimentation.Other members from Embrapa who will be involed in the project are Drs Sandra Brammer and Sandra Mansur Scagliusi. Drs Renata Cruz and Fernanda Bered at UFRGS have recently joined the research consortium.