HEREDITY AND ADAPTATION TO NEGATIVE ENERGY BALANCE

这项研究旨在测试个体差异 在有氧运动训练中观察到的反应是 与遗传有关的。实验将于12日进行。 一对成年男性单卵(MZ)双胞胎。实验性的 治疗将持续100天，在此之前将有两天 几周的观察以确定身体成分，习惯性 能量摄入量、习惯性活动的能量成本和其他 参数。所有的双胞胎都将接受负能量 通过一项运动计划达到1000千卡/天的平衡。 治疗将在接下来的连续6天内进行 休息一天。身体密度的变化，全身脂肪， 计算机断层扫描评估了脂肪分布，脂肪细胞大小， 脂肪细胞脂解和两个部位的脂蛋白脂肪酶活性 活体检查(腹部和股骨)，血脂和脂蛋白， 静息代谢率、一餐的热效应、运动 耐量、糖耐量及其相关的血糖， 胰岛素、高血糖素和甲状腺激素的变化， 促甲状腺激素释放激素和促甲状腺激素的反应性 骨骼肌酶标记物将在前后进行研究 治疗100天，以及治疗25天和50天后。饮食 将是含有大约50%碳水化合物，35%脂肪， 15%的蛋白质。有氧运动计划将是适度的 强度(最大心率储备的40%至70%)和 足够的持续时间来满足能源成本要求 学习。这项实验将使平均值能够量化 应对和个体间差异的负性 运动训练产生的能量平衡。在配对内 巴黎之间的相似性和变异也将被分析以 确定是否由 治疗取决于或独立于患者的基因 个人。此外，这项研究将使 短期适应变化与后期适应的比较 并测试随着时间的推移响应的模式是否 基因决定的。这项研究的结果应该可以解释一些 身体成分和新陈代谢的不明变异 在减重期间观察。

This study is designed to test whether individual differences observed in the response to aerobic exercise-training are associated with heredity. The experiment will be conducted on 12 pairs of adult male monozygotic (MZ) twins. The experimental treatment will last for 100 days and it will be preceeded by two weeks of observation to establish body composition, habitual energy intake, energy cost of habitual activities and other parameters. All twins will be submitted to a negative energy balance of 1000 kcal/day induced by a program of exercise. Treatment will be applied in cycles of 6 consecutive days followed by a day of rest. Changes in body density, total body fat, computerized tomography assessed fat distribution, fat cell size, fat cell lipolysis, and lipoprotein lipase activity from two sites of biopsy (abdominal and femoral), blood lipids and lipoproteins, resting metabolic rate, thermic effect of a meal, exercise tolerance, glucose tolerance and their associated blood glucose, insulin, glucagon, and thyroid hormones variations, the thyrotropes responsiveness to thyrotropin releasing hormone and skeletal muscle eznyme markers will be studied before and after the 100 days of treatment as well as after 25 and 50 days. Diet will be of the mixed type with about 50% carbohydrate, 35% fat, 15% protein. The aerobic exercise program will be of moderate intensity (from 40% to 70% of maximal heart rate reserve) and of sufficient duration to meet the energy cost requirement of the study. This experiment will allow the quantification of the mean response and of the inter-individual differences to negative energy balance generated by exercise-training. Within pair resemblance and between paris variation will also be analysed to establish whether the adaptive changes brought about by the treatment are dependent or independent of the genotype of the individuals. Moreover, the research will make possible the comparison of short term adaptive changes with later adaptations and to test whether the pattern of the response over time is genetically determined. Results of this study should explain some of the unaccounted variations in body composition and metabolism observed during weight reduction.