SELF-ANALYSIS AND THE COGNITIVATION OF ATTITUDES

这项拟议的研究将调查自我反省对 态度和态度-行为的一致性。之前的几项研究表明 展示了一种类型的反思，分析了产生这种反思的原因 情感，会降低态度-行为的一致性。分析原因 似乎导致了对态度的“认知”，在那里，思想和 关于态度对象的信念变得突出起来。这会减少 态度-行为的一致性，通过(A)增加 关于态度对象(认知)和感觉的思想和信念 态度的组成部分(影响)和(B)导致态度报告 基于认知，而行为则更多地以情感为基础。这个 拟议的研究将进一步检验认知假说，以及 探讨边界条件对影响因素分析的影响 态度-行为的一致性。第一套拟议的研究将 进一步研究几个假设的变量来调节 分析原因的效果，包括态度的来源 (无论它最初是基于情感还是认知)， 人们对态度对象知晓或不了解，并且 以情感或情感为基础的态度倾向的个体差异 认知。第二组研究将调查边界。 自我分析的效果的条件，比如人们是否分析 时间短或长的原因。第三组研究将 调查人们容易反思的情况 他们在日常生活中的理由。 拟议研究的长期目标是将 它在什么情况下是有益的或不是从事的 自我反省。这项研究应该对(A)有重要的影响 心理学和社会学的社会科学研究，那里有 从人们的言语中预测他们的行为有很大的兴趣 报告，以及(B)临床心理学的实践和理论， 通常认为自我反省完全是一种有益的活动。

The proposed research will investigate the effects of self-reflection on attitudes and attitude-behavior consistency. Several previous studies have demonstrated that one type of reflection, analyzing the reasons for one's feelings, can reduce attitude-behavior consistency. Analyzing reasons appears to lead to a "cognitivation" of attitudes, where thoughts and beliefs about the attitude object become salient. This reduces attitude-behavior consistency by (a) increasing the discrepancy between thoughts and beliefs about the attitude object (cognitions) and the feeling components of the attitude (affect) and (b) causing attitude reports to be based on cognitions, while behavior is more affectively-based. The proposed research will test further the cognitivation hypothesis, and explore the boundary conditions of the effects of analyzing reasons on attitude-behavior consistency. The first set of proposed studies will further investigate several of the variables hypothesized to mediate the effects of analyzing reasons, including the origins of the attitude (whether it is originally affectively- or cognitively-based), whether people are knowledgeable or unknowledgeable about the attitude object, and individual differences in the tendency to base attitudes on affect or cognitions. The second set of studies will investigate the boundary conditions of the effects of self-analysis, such as whether people analyze reasons for short or long periods of time. The third set of studies will investigate the conditions under which people are apt to reflect about their reasons in everyday life. The long-term objectives of the proposed research are to isolate the conditions under which it is beneficial or not to engage in self-reflection. The research should have important implications for (a) social scientific research in psychology and sociology, where there is substantial interest in predicting people's behavior from their verbal reports, and to (b) practice and theory in clinical psychology, where it is often assumed that self-reflection is exclusively a beneficial activity.