PREPARE: Enhancing PREParedness for East African Countries through Seismic Resilience Engineering

PREPARE为东非制定了一个全面的地震风险管理框架，并与当地政府和学术机构密切合作，共同编制了加强备灾的实用工具和准则。它旨在利用先进的风险评估和适当的低成本工程解决方案，克服在最不发达国家设计抗震性基础设施方面的现有障碍。第一个案例研究以马拉维为重点，然后扩展到其他东非国家。编制是以问题为导向的；当地合作伙伴已经确定并告知了实际需求。该提案涉及布里斯托尔大学和卡迪夫大学的工程学院和地球科学学院，还有马拉维和其他东非国家的项目合作伙伴。这项提议的一个主要目标是向当地受益者传达和移交研究机构，以便以社区为基础的应急反应，并确保可记录的影响。编制工作包由四个工作包(WPS)组成：WP1--为马拉维开发综合地震影响评估工具；WP2--马拉维裂谷系统应变积累和释放的构造调查；WP3--马拉维砖石建筑的地震脆弱性评估；WP4--将框架扩展到其他东非国家。WP1的目标是：实施全面的地震风险影响评估方法，具有更新危险、暴露和脆弱性模块的多种能力，通过考虑液化和滑坡等其他地震引起的危险来扩展该方法，并以危险风险地图、特定场地的地震设计谱和抗震设计指南的形式产生地震危险-风险结果。WP2的主要目标是提供关于马拉维断层系统潜在地震破裂特征的更准确的信息(即大地震的位置、长度和复发间隔)。结果将合并到WP1中。WP2-1将重点更新马拉维的断层图，研究断层段如何相互作用及其与地质组构的关系。WP2-2将侧重于使用卫星和地面大地测量方法绘制应变图，以确定哪些构造是活跃的，以及跨这些构造的应变累积速度和深度。WP3的主要目标是通过数值分析评估马拉维建筑物的地震易损性，并辅之以实验数据。在WP3-1中，将进行调查，以收集马拉维的建筑信息。WP3-2将重点测试马拉维当地的砖和砖墙结构，而WP3-3将重点开发马拉维典型砖混建筑的数值模型和相应的地震易损性模型，以评估地震风险(WP1)。WP4的主要目标是为东非开发一个基于应变的地震风险模型，这是非常创新的，并对东非国家进行地震风险评估(使用WP1的更新工具)。

PREPARE develops a holistic seismic risk management framework for East Africa and co-produces practical tools and guidelines for enhanced disaster preparedness in close partnerships with local governmental and academic institutions. It aims at overcoming existing barriers to designing seismically resilient infrastructure in least developed countries using advanced risk assessments and suitable low-cost engineering solutions. The first case study focuses on Malawi and then extends to other East African countries. PREPARE is problem-led; actual needs have been identified and informed by local partners. The proposal spans the Schools of Engineering and Earth Sciences at the University of Bristol and Cardiff University, with project partners in Malawi and other East African countries. A major goal of this proposal is to communicate and transfer the body of research to local beneficiaries, allowing for community-based emergency responses and ensuring documentable impacts. PREPARE is composed of four work packages (WPs): WP1 - Development of integrated seismic impact assessment tools for Malawi; WP2 - Tectonic investigations of strain accumulation and release in the Malawi Rift system; WP3 - Seismic vulnerability assessment of Malawian masonry buildings; and WP4 - Expansion of the framework to other East African countries. The aims of WP1 are: to implement a comprehensive earthquake risk impact assessment methodology, with versatile capabilities to update the hazard, exposure, and vulnerability modules, to extend the method by accounting for other earthquake-induced hazards, such as liquefaction and landslide; and to produce seismic hazard-risk outcomes in the form of hazard-risk maps, site-specific seismic design spectra, and seismic design guidelines. The main goal of WP2 is to provide more accurate information regarding the potential earthquake rupture characteristics of the fault systems in Malawi (i.e. location, length and recurrence interval of large earthquakes). The results will be integrated into WP1. WP2-1 will focus on updating the fault map of Malawi, studying how fault segments interact and their relationship to geological fabrics. WP2-2 will focus on mapping the strain using satellite- and ground-based geodetic methods to identify which structures are active and the rate and depth of strain accumulation across them. The main goal of WP3 is to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of Malawian buildings through numerical analyses, supported by experimental data. In WP3-1, surveys will be conducted to gather building information in Malawi. WP3-2 will focus on testing of local bricks and brick wall structures in Malawi, whereas WP3-3 will focus on developing numerical models of typical masonry buildings in Malawi and corresponding seismic fragility models for assessing the earthquake risk (WP1). The primary goals of WP4 are to develop a strain-based seismic hazard model for East Africa, which is quite innovative, and to carry out seismic hazard-risk assessments for East African countries (using the updated tools from WP1).