EFFECTS OF ALPRAZOLAM, DIAZEPAM, CLONIDINE, AND PLACEBO UPON ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL

酒精戒断综合症，其特征是 去甲肾上腺素能系统的活动，是目前最常用的治疗方法 与安定或氯氮卓酮，都是常规的苯二氮卓类药物。 阿普唑仑，一种三唑苯并二氮类药物，已被证明是 对抑郁症和焦虑症的药物治疗很有效， 与传统的苯二氮卓类药物形成对比。阿普唑仑可能有一个 对去甲肾上腺素系统有特别强的抑制作用。它 因此，可以推定阿普唑仑可能是一种有效和 酒精戒断综合征的特殊治疗。可乐定，一种 传统的抗高血压药物已成功用于治疗 戒除鸦片类药物，以及最近的尼古丁和酒精。这 研究将比较阿普唑仑、可乐定、安定和 安慰剂：1)酒精戒断综合症的体征和症状， 2)乙醇戒断综合征的去甲肾上腺素能过度活动。

The ethanol withdrawal syndrome, which is characterized by an increased activity of the noradrenergic system, is at present most commonly treated with diazepam or chlordiazepoxide, both conventional benzodiazepines. Alprazolam, a triazolobenzodiazepine, has been demonstrated to be efficacious in the pharmacotherapy of depression and anxiety disorders, in contrast to the conventional benzodiazepines. Alprazolam may have a particularly potent inhibitory action on the noradrenergic system. It can, therefore, be postulated that alprazolam may be an effective and specific treatment for the ethanol withdrawal syndrome. Clonidine, a conventional antihypertensive, has been used to successfully treat withdrawal from the opiates, and most recently nicotine and alcohol. This study will compare the effects of alprazolam, clonidine, diazepam, and placebo on: 1) the signs and symptoms of the ethanol withdrawal syndrome, and 2) the noradrenergic overactivity of the ethanol withdrawal syndrome.