PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES & NEURAL MECHANISMS OF THE INFANT CRY & VOCALIZATION

这些研究使用神经行为学和民族药理学的方法 研究与生产和感知有关的机制 非人类灵长类动物的隔离叫声和相关发声。 它们为理解神经学和生理学提供了一个模型。 人类婴儿的声音情感表达和哭声的影响 在听众身上。今年的主要发现如下：1.受体 放射自显影显示了部分边缘区域的催产素， 常见绒猴大脑的纹状体和嗅纹状体区域。 在绒猴新生儿中，大脑皮层的一部分被标记为 这说明催产素受体在大脑中的分布 在发展过程中的变化。2.系统地管理一个 α-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂哌唑嗪对成年普通绒猴的作用 导致领土行为增加，而 从属行为(修饰和隔离呼叫)。一项平行研究 使用成年松鼠猴子也发现哌唑嗪减少了 隔离呼叫。这些发现表明，α-肾上腺素受体 在规范与社会联系有关的行为和 领土防御。3.对早期工作的后续研究 胆碱能神经调节松鼠防御行为的机制 猴子证实，成年雌性对温和的反应更强烈 比成年男性更令人震惊的刺激。全剂量反应曲线 胆碱能受体拮抗剂盐酸苯那津被建立用于 男性和女性的剂量/反应曲线 两性相似，但女性患癌症的门槛剂量较低 表现出与毒品相关的惊慌行为增加。

These studies use neuroethological and ethopharmacological methods to investigate the mechanisms involved in the production and perception of the isolation call and related vocalizations in nonhuman primates. They provide a model for understanding the neurology and physiology of vocal expressions of affect in human infants and the impact of crying on listeners. Major findings this year were as follows: 1. Receptors for oxytocin were revealed with autoradiography in portions of limbic, striatal and olfacto-striatal regions of the brain of common marmosets. In marmoset neonates, portions of the cerebral cortex were labelled, as well, suggesting that oxytocin receptor distribution in the brain changes during development. 2. Systemic administration of an alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonist, prazosin, to adult common marmosets resulted in an increase in territorial behavior and a decrease in affiliative behavior (grooming and isolation calls). A parallel study using adult squirrel monkeys also found that prazosin decreased isolation calling. These findings suggests that the alpha-adrenoreceptor plays a role in regulating behaviors related to social affiliation and territorial defense. 3. A follow-up study of earlier work of the role of cholinergic mechanisms in mediating defensive behavior in squirrel monkeys confirmed that adult females respond more strongly to mildly alarming stimuli than adult males. A full dose response curve for benactyzine HCl, a cholinergic receptor antagonist, was established for males and for females, and indicated that the dose/response curves for both sexes are similar, but that females have a lower threshold dose for exhibiting drug-related increases in alarm behavior.