GENETIC AND EXPERIENTIAL INFLUENCES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMATE VOCAL BEHAVIOR

开发了一种基于计算机的声音合成与分析系统 部分被用来呈现“卡盘”的自然序列 对群养的松鼠猴子发声。没有显著的行为 除了“查克”的回答外，这组人都做出了改变。这 暗示着通过单独的“Chuck”电话传达的唯一信息 是发声者的存在和身份。相比之下，大声的呼唤 如绒猴“phee”会产生明显的行为变化 倾听偶尔的声音回应。因此，灵长类的发声 远距离广播，由于它们的响度和其他声音 属性，导致唤醒水平或情绪状态的变化 听者，而只有几米长的发声，由于 他们的柔和，不会在唤醒水平或 听众的情绪状态。正是这些后一种发音 是最有可能成为社会学习工具的候选人 灵长类社会群体。经验在中介激活性中的作用 对35只自由放养的恒河猴进行了发声训练。 Poolesville野战站的猕猴。青少年男性被发现 使用Recruit，Enter Call来争取其他家庭成员的帮助， 这表明招募声乐人员并不局限于 猕猴母猴。

A computer-based sound synthesis and analysis system developed in this Section was used to present natural sequences of the "chuck" vocalization to group-housed squirrel monkeys. No significant behavioral changes except for "chuck" responses were made by the group. This suggests that the only message communicated by individual "chuck" calls is the presence and identity of the vocalizer. In contrast, loud calls such as the marmoset "phee" produce obvious behavioral changes in the listener to occasional vocal responses. Thus, primate vocalizations that broadcast over long distances, dur to their loudness and other acoustic properties, induce changes in the arousal level or emotional state of the listener, whereas vocalizations that carry only a few meters, due to their softness, induce no clear changes in the arousal level or emotional state of the listener. It is these latter vocalizations that are the most likely candidates to be instruments for social learning in primate social groups. The role of experience in mediated agonistic vocal recruitment was examined in a free-ranging group of 35 rhesus macaques at the Poolesville field station. Juvenile males were found to use recruit,ent calls to enlist the aid of other family members, indicating that vocal recruitment is not restricted to female members of macaque matrilines.