GENETICS OF PRIMATE BEHAVIOR

该项目旨在识别和区分 对灵长类动物发声发育的遗传影响。当前 对“哥特式拱门”的行为进行比较的作品 哥斯达黎加有圈养社会群体的松鼠猴亚型 起源于南美洲的同一亚型的 哥斯达黎加人和南方人共有的发声特征 美国团体，以及其他仅在 哥斯达黎加人。其他目前的工作已经分析了 婴儿普通绒猴双胞胎隔离叫声的发育。 虽然在声学上与分开的成年人给出的细胞相似， 婴儿隔离的呼声更简单，由稳定的语气组成 持续了大约1秒。与父母分离的双胞胎会 在几乎相同的音调上聚集在一起，产生了一个独特的 易于识别和区分的声音信号 与世隔绝需要双胞胎中的任何一个单独出现。三、分析了 我们的绒猴群体中成年成员发出的隔离电话 表明每只成虫的叫声行为都非常稳定 每周15分钟。分居。相关工作已经分析了时间上的 呼叫的连续生产中固有的精细结构 分开的绒猴。普通的和侏儒的绒猴都会产生 按2-10个顺序分组在一起的隔离呼叫 间隔很近的单位。分析揭示了一种有序的关系 在每个单元的序列位置、其持续时间和 它与同一序列中相邻单位之间的时间间隔。 在这两种绒猴中，都有一个显著的积极 呼叫持续时间和前一次呼叫间隔之间的相关性 单位。然而，在侏儒绒猴的间隔和持续时间中 随着序列位置的增加而增加，而在普通绒猴中 遵循的是相反的规则。这是有史以来第一次 复杂发声中时间顺序规则的非人类灵长类 序列，这表明在很好的程度上遗传编程 在调节这些物种的发声输出方面进行调节。

This project is directed at identifying and differentiating heritable influences on vocal development in primates. Current work involving comparisons of the behavior of the "gothic arch" subtype of squirrel monkey in Costa Rica with captive social groups of the same subtype originating from South America, has identified vocal characteristics common to both Costa Rican and South American groups, as well as other vocal attributes found only in the Costa Rican population. Other current work has analyzed the development of the isolation call of infant common marmoset twins. While acoustically similar to the cell given by separated adults, the infant isolation call is simpler consisting of a steady tone lasting about 1 second. Twins separated from their parents will call together on nearly the same pitch, producing a unique acoustic signal that is readily identified and distinguishable from the isolation calls of either twin alone. Analysis of the isolation calls from the adult members of our marmoset colony reveal that each adult is very stable in its calling behavior over weekly 15 min. separations. Related work has analyzed the temporal fine structure inherent in the serial production of calls by separated marmosets. Both common and pygmy marmosets produce isolation calls that are grouped together in a sequence of 2-10 closely spaced units. Analysis reveals an orderly relationship between the sequence position of each unit, its duration, and the time interval between it and adjacent units in the same series. In both marmoset species, there is a significant positive correlation between call duration and interval to the preceding unit. However, in the pygmy marmoset intervals and durations increase with sequence position, whereas in the common marmoset the opposite rule is followed. This is the first demonstration in any nonhuman primate of a rule of temporal ordering in a complex vocal sequence, and it suggests a fine degree of genetic programming in regulating in regulating the vocal output of these species.