Ixchel: Building understanding of the physical, cultural and socio-economic drivers of risk for strengthening resilience in the Guatemalan cordillera

该项目基于对危地马拉科迪莱拉(火山弧和南部高地)农村和土著社区的深入研究，这些社区靠近活火山和阿蒂特兰湖附近。这一区域的危险暴露程度极高，与现有的各种社会经济脆弱性相交，并因此而加剧。人们在灾害中死亡、受苦和失去生计，部分原因是危地马拉的地质和气候条件使其容易发生地震、火山喷发和飓风，以及雨季频繁的山体滑坡。人们对这些风险的动态和互动性质仍知之甚少。因此，迫切需要从科学的角度更好地了解物理过程，特别是危地马拉境内的多种危险相互作用。然而，这种危险暴露与长期的无地、国家领导的暴力和种族灭绝的历史分不开，这些历史今天表现为对贫穷的土著和混血(拉迪诺)危地马拉人的殖民和歧视态度。这种态度导致当局未能保护、警告、疏散幸存者、挖出身体并适当清点死者人数，以及以有尊严和文化上适当的方式重新安置或重新安置人们。这些经历还意味着，当地人往往不信任国家机构或西方科学，土著人民也有自己的知识体系和模式，了解他们认为更可靠的风险和复原力。最近灾难的损失和复杂性，如2018年6月福戈火山喷发和建设有弹性的社区，迫切需要开展研究，使物理学不仅与社会科学和人文科学对话，而且与不同的宇宙观和信仰对话。该项目涉及物理学家、社会科学家、人文学者和危地马拉社区领导人之间的密切合作，这些社区面临多种形式的风险。它以减少灾害和灾害造成的痛苦的共同承诺为基础，但涉及到以截然不同的认识论、理论和方法论方针和知识框架工作的人。我们问，通过将这些不同的知识体系放在平等的基础上，我们是否可以更好地理解风险，并进行对当地人既尊重又有用的研究。因此，我们将把定量监测技术与艺术和人种学工作以及一系列社区参与活动结合起来。与当地组织、行为者和媒体人合作制作的8集电视连续剧将把科学和文化结合在一起，从道德上展示农村社区生活的复杂性和面临风险的土著人民的生计，并在社区空间和广播、电视和社交媒体上开展一系列外联活动。我们将制作一种文化产品，引发科学家、社区成员、发展从业者、应急管理人员和政府人员的高水平受众参与和辩论。

This project is based on in-depth research in rural and indigenous communities in the cordillera of Guatemala (volcanic arc and southern highlands) that are located close to active volcanoes and in the vicinity of Lake Atitlán. This region has an extraordinarily high level of hazard exposure that intersects with, and is exacerbated by, existing forms of socio-economic vulnerability. People die, suffer and lose livelihoods in disasters in part because of Guatemala's geological and climatological conditions that make it prone to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and hurricanes, as well as frequent landslides during the rainy season. The dynamic and interactive nature of these risks are still poorly understood. There is then an urgent need to gain better understandings of physical processes and, in particular, of multihazard interactions in the Guatemalan context from a scientific perspective. However, this hazard exposure cannot be separated from long histories of landlessness, state-led violence and genocide that manifest themselves today in colonial and discriminatory attitudes towards poor indigenous and mixed race (ladino) Guatemalans. Such attitudes result in failures by authorities to protect, warn, evacuate survivors, exhume and properly count the dead, and to relocate or rehouse people with dignity and in culturally appropriate ways. These experiences also mean that local people often do not trust state agencies or western science, and indigenous peoples also have their own knowledge systems and modes of understanding risk and resilience that they deem to be more reliable. The losses and complexities of recent disasters such as the June 2018 eruption of the Fuego volcano and the building of resilient communities urgently require research that brings physical sciences into dialogue not only with social sciences and humanities, but also with diverse cosmovisions and beliefs. This project involves a close collaboration between physical scientists, social scientists, humanities scholars and Guatemalan community leaders in communities exposed to multiple forms of risk. It is based on a shared commitment to reduce the suffering caused by hazards and disasters but involves people who work with very different epistemic, theoretical and methodological approaches and knowledge frameworks. We ask whether we can better understand risk and do research that is both respectful and useful to local people by putting these different knowledge systems on an equal footing. We will therefore combine quantitative monitoring techniques with artistic and ethnographic work and a range of community engagement activities. The scientific and the cultural will be combined in a 8-episode television series produced in collaboration with local organizations, actors and mediamakers in which the complexity of rural community lives and livelihoods of indigenous peoples living with risk will be ethically represented and followed up by a range of outreach activities in community spaces and on radio, television and social media. We will produce a cultural product that will provoke high levels of audience engagement and debate by scientists, community members, development practitioners, emergency managers and government agents.