An Economic Study of Three Decades of Smoking Cessation

研究1调查了从戒烟产品制造商到消费者的信息流。这些产品的生产商广告可能有助于实现与公共服务反吸烟信息相同的公共卫生目标。为量度信息流，我们会采用内容分析法，统计戒烟产品在印刷媒介的广告数目及范围，并辅以电视广告的内容分析。该项目将测试信息流是否因食品和药物管理局（FDA）监管要求的变化而改变。虽然FDA最初对戒烟产品的广告有严格的监管要求，但这些产品从处方到非处方状态的转变以及法规的其他变化可能使生产商为一系列戒烟产品开展重大而广泛的广告活动的成本降低。研究1还将产生消费者信息的措施，将被纳入研究2的计量经济学模型。研究2将提供公共政策对戒烟影响的计量经济学估计。计量经济学分析将使用五个具有全国代表性的大型面板数据集：国家纵向调查原始队列的四个样本中的三个-老年男性，成熟女性和年轻女性;国家青年纵向调查-1979;和收入动态面板研究。在这些调查中，关于吸烟的回顾性问题使我们能够构建每个受访者一生吸烟史的措施。利用吸烟史，我们将研究从20世纪60年代到90年代戒烟的决定因素。该项目将利用地理位置信息，将政策变量与核心数据合并，以提供答卷人所面临的政策环境的历史。这些数据使我们能够研究戒烟率如何受到税收，直接限制吸烟，吸烟对健康的影响以及戒烟产品的可用性和广告的影响。数据的纵向性质也将使我们能够探索生命过程事件的影响，如生育和婚姻破裂，以及在生命过程中变化的社会经济因素的影响，如工作状态和收入。

Study 1 investigates the flow of information from manufacturers of smoking cessation products to consumers. Producer advertising of these products may help achieve some of the same public health goals as public service anti-smoking messages. To measure the flow of information, we will use manifest content analysis to count the number and scope of advertisements of smoking cessation products in print media, supplemented by content analysis of television advertising. The project will test whether the flow of information was altered by changes in the Food and Drug Administration's [FDA] regulatory requirements. Although the FDA initially had strict regulatory requirements for the advertising of smoking cessation products, the movement of these products from prescription to over-the-counter status and other changes in regulations may have made it less costly for producers to mount significant and extensive advertising campaigns for a range of smoking cessation products. Study 1 will also yield measures of consumer information that will be incorporated into Study 2's econometric models. Study 2 will provide econometric estimates of the effects of public policies on smoking cessation. The econometric analysis will use five large nationally representative panel data sets: three of the four samples of the National Longitudinal Surveys Original Cohort - Older Men, Mature Women, and Younger Women; the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth - 1979; and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Retrospective questions on smoking in these surveys allow us to construct measures of each respondent's lifetime smoking history. Using the smoking histories, we will examine the determinants of smoking cessation from the 1960s to the 1990s. Using information on geographic location, the project will merge policy variables with the core data to provide histories of the policy environments faced by respondents. These data allow us to study how quit rates are influenced by taxes, direct restrictions on smoking, information about the health consequences of smoking, and the availability and advertising of smoking cessation products. The longitudinal nature of the data will also allow us to explore the impact of life course events such as fertility and marital breakup, as well as the impact of socioeconomic factors that vary across the life course, such as work status and income.