ALCOHOL AND ACQUAINTANCE ASSAULT RISK PERCEPTION

(修订) 熟人的性侵对年轻女性来说是一个严重的问题。大约四分之一的人经历过袭击或未遂，其中绝大多数是熟人实施的。受害者、袭击者或两者兼而有之的饮酒行为占到一半以上。预防袭击的一个关键因素是及早感知风险，这使妇女能够有效地做出反应，并在事态升级之前摆脱困境。在评估风险和应对风险时，女性会进行一系列初级和次级认知评估。初步评估是专门针对承认和评估特定情况下的风险水平的评估。二次评估包括权衡一个人有效应对心理障碍的潜力。我们认为，女性自身的饮酒和她们对袭击者饮酒的感知都会影响这一认知评估过程。与饮酒相关的认知评价和应对与反应冲突的理论模型为本研究提供了理论基础。建议进行六个实验，以调查酒精对女性的主要和次要认知评估以及对攻击的反应的生理和预期设置的影响。除了酒精和预期设定，被操纵的变量还包括产生反应冲突的情景变量和袭击者饮酒的情景提示值。背景因素，包括酒精结果预期，既往受害情况，以及态度也将被审查。这项工作将提供有关女性饮酒及其与酒精在攻击中的作用相关的期望值如何影响对风险的感知和随后对其做出反应的重要信息。研究结果对设计预防干预措施有一定的意义，特别是与酒精作为攻击风险因素的作用有关。

(Revised) Assault by acquaintances is a serious problem for young women. Approximately 1 in 4 experience either assault or attempted assault, the overwhelming majority of which are committed by acquaintances. Alcohol consumption by the victim, assailant or both is involved in more than half. One key element of assault prevention is early perception of risk, which enables women to respond effectively and extricate herself from the situation before it escalates. In assessing risk and responding to it, women make a series of primary and secondary cognitive appraisals. Primary appraisals are those directed specifically to acknowledging and assessing the level of risk in a particular situation. Secondary appraisals involve weighing one's potential to respond effectively against psychological barriers. We propose that both women's own alcohol consumption and their perception of the assailant's consumption can affect this cognitive appraisal process. Theoretical models of cognitive appraisal and coping and response conflict related to alcohol consumption provide the foundation for the proposed studies. Six experiments are proposed to investigate alcohol's physiological and expectancy set effects on women's primary and secondary cognitive appraisals and responses to assault. In addition to alcohol and expectancy set, manipulated variables include situational variables that generate response conflict and the situational cue value of assailant's alcohol consumption. Background factors, including alcohol outcome expectancies, prior victimization, and attitudes will also be examined. This work will provide important information about how women's alcohol consumption and their expectancies related to alcohol's role in aggression affect perception of risk and subsequent responding to it. Findings have implications for designing prevention interventions, especially related to alcohol's role as a risk factor for assault.