Adjustment Problems and Substance Use in 3 Generations

描述(申请人提供)：我们建议研究(1)品行问题和(2)物质使用在三代(G1、G2和G3)之间的社会传播，以及这些行为从22个月到11岁的发展路径。我们将使用动态发展-情境方法来前瞻性地研究情境风险和问题行为在三代人之间的传递，以及父母行为在两代人之间的传递。俄勒冈州青年研究(OYS)将对高危早期成年男性(G2)的子女进行社区样本测试。这项3GS研究包括了每个月多达2名父亲的亲生子女。OYS男性表现出高水平的反社会行为(25岁时，42%的人被捕2次或更多)和药物使用(估计50%的人一生中被诊断为酒精依赖或滥用)。这两名男子目前26-28岁，从G2男子9-10岁起就和他们的父母(G1)一起参与了OYS。主要假设为：行为问题的发展是基于家庭互动和社会影响的强迫模型，包括同伴偏差情境。接受检查的儿童风险因素将包括气质。我们预计，与行为问题的发展有关的因素，以及儿童时期父母和同龄人在童年后期接触药物的影响，都将预测到开始使用药物。两个次要的具体目标是检查(1)儿童时期外化和内化行为共存的出现，以及这些行为与早期开始使用药物的联系；(2)通过检查青春期性关系的前驱，涉及性传播疾病(STDS)、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)和艾滋病风险代际传播的机制。我们将对从核心理论方法发展而来的预测和模型与替代发展模式进行比较。特别是，我们将研究不安全或强制依恋、认知缺陷和低社会认知技能水平或偏见是否可以解释行为问题、越轨同伴交往和早期药物使用的额外差异。我们计划从拟议的研究期开始，通过结合对OYS和3GS现有数据集的二次数据分析，并通过收集和分析以下数据来解决具体目标：(1)扩大早期波(1至6岁，年龄22个月至9岁)的样本量，(2)将研究扩展至11岁。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose to study the social transmission of (1) conduct problems and (2) substance use across 3 generations (G1, G2, and G3), and developmental pathways of these behaviors from ages 22 months to 11 years. A dynamic developmental-contextual approach will be used to examine prospectively the transmission of contextual risk and problematic behaviors across 3 generations, and parenting behaviors across 2 generations. Hypotheses will be tested on a community sample of the children of at-risk early adult men (G2) in the Oregon Youth Study (OYS). Up to 2 biological children of the fathers per monther are included in the 3GS study. The OYS men show high levels of antisocial behavior (at age 25 years, 42% had 2 or more arrests) and substance use (estimated 50% lifetime diagnoses for alcohol dependence or abuse). The men are currently 26-28 years old, and with their parents (G1) have been involved in the OYS since the G2 men were 9-10 years old. Main hypotheses re: the development of conduct problems are based on the coercion model of family interaction and social influence, including peer deviancy contexts. Child risk factors to be examined will include temperament. We expect that initiation of substance use will be predicted by factors related to the development of conduct problems, and by the effects of exposure to substance use by parents in childhood and by peers in later childhood. Two secondary specific aims are to examine (1) the emergence of co-occurring externalizing and internalizing behaviors in childhood, and the association of these with early onset of substance use; (2) the mechanisms involved in the intergenerational transmission of risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and AIDS, by examining precursors of adolescent sexual relationships. We will compare prediction and models developed from the core theoretical approach to alternative developmental models. In particular, we will examine whether insecure or coercive attachment, cognitive deficits, and low sociocognitive skill levels or biases can account for additional variance in the development of conduct prolems, deviant peer association, and early substance use. We plan to address the specific aims by a combination of secondary data analysis of the OYS and 3GS extant data sets, from the beginning of the proposed study period, and by collecting and analyzing data that will (1) expand the sample size for the early waves (1 through 6, ages 22 months to 9 years) and (2) extend the study to age 11 years.