Health-Promoting Effects of Positive Emotions

这项研究的长期目标是促进对积极情绪如何增强健康，心理健康和社会关系的理解。弗雷德里克森的积极情绪扩展和构建理论提供了基础。该理论指出，与消极情绪不同，消极情绪会缩小人们对可能行动的想法（例如，战斗，逃跑），积极的情绪扩大了人们的思想行动剧目（例如，玩，探索），并建立他们持久的个人资源（例如，健康、复原力、社会支持、智力复杂性）。九项研究针对四个具体目标。研究1-2具体目标I：调查和测试积极情绪在蓬勃发展的心理健康中的作用。研究1使用了一种新的调查方法来评估蓬勃发展的心理健康是否与积极情绪和消极情绪的高比例有关。研究2使用了一个受试者间的实验设计和一个新的自我调节干预策略，以测试是否增加积极情绪的日常经验增加繁荣的症状，减少抑郁症的症状。研究3-4的具体目标I1：测试积极情绪是否以及如何建立相应的和持久的个人资源。研究3使用了受试者之间的实验设计和相同的自我调节干预策略，以测试增加积极情绪的日常体验是否会建立弹性，从而改变人们的情绪，认知和生理功能。研究4测试了通过语言标记评估的认知扩展是否能解释积极情绪的构建效应。研究5-6针对具体目标II 1：测试积极情绪是否以及如何扩大人际好奇心并在人与人之间建立高质量的联系。每一个实验都使用了受试者之间的实验设计来诱发情绪（喜悦、愤怒或中性状态），并测试积极情绪是否会增加人们对新认识的人的好奇心，从而扩大人际理解和同理心，并改善个人与他人的关系。研究7-9的具体目标四：测试积极情绪是否以及如何建立有效的社会协调和有效的团队合作。每个实验都采用了受试者之间的实验设计来诱导情绪（喜悦、愤怒或中性状态），并测试积极的情绪是否会增加对群体身份的感知，从而帮助团队协调和节约资源的使用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objective of this research is to advance understanding of how positive emotions enhance health, mental health, and social relations. Fredrickson's broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions provides the foundation. The theory states that, unlike negative emotions, which narrow people's ideas about possible actions (e.g., fight, flee), positive emotions broaden people's thought-action repertoires (e.g., play, explore), and build their enduring personal resources (e.g., health, resilience, social support, intellectual complexity). Nine studies target four Specific Aims. Studies 1-2 target Specific Aim I: To investigate and test the role of positive emotions in flourishing mental health. Study 1 uses a new survey method to assess whether flourishing mental health is associated with high ratios of positive to negative emotions. Study 2 uses a between-subjects experimental design and a new self-regulation intervention strategy to test whether increasing daily experiences of positive emotions increases symptoms of flourishing and decreases symptoms of depression. Studies 3-4 target Specific Aim I1: To test whether and how positive emotions build consequential and lasting personal resources. Study 3 uses a between-subjects experimental design and the same self-regulation intervention strategy to test whether increasing daily experiences of positive emotions builds resilience, which in turn alters people's emotional, cognitive, and physiological functioning. Study 4 tests whether cognitive broadening, assessed through linguistic markers, accounts for the building effects of positive emotions. Studies 5-6 target Specific Aim II1: To test whether and how positive emotions broaden interpersonal curiosity and build high quality connections between people. Each uses a between-subjects experimental design to induce emotions (joy, anger, or a neutral state) and test whether positive emotion increases people's curiosity about a new acquaintance, and thereby expands interpersonal understanding and empathy, and improves the ways individuals relate to one another. Studies 7-9 target Specific Aim IV: To test whether and how positive emotions build efficient social coordination and effective teamwork. Each uses a between-subjects experimental design to induce emotions (joy, anger, or a neutral state) and test whether positive emotion increases perceptions of group identity and thereby helps teams coordinate and economize their use of resources.