Adjustment Problems and Substance Use in 3 Generations

描述（由申请人提供）：我们建议研究（1）行为问题和（2）物质使用在3代（G1，G2和G3）中的社会传播，以及这些行为在22个月至11岁之间的发展途径。本研究采用动态发展情境研究法，前瞻性地考察情境风险和问题行为在三代人中的传递，以及父母教养行为在两代人中的传递。将在俄勒冈州青年研究（OYS）中对处于风险中的早期成年男性（G2）的儿童进行社区样本测试假设。在3GS研究中，每个月最多包括2名父亲的亲生子女。OYS男性表现出高水平的反社会行为（在25岁时，42%的人有2次或2次以上的逮捕）和物质使用（估计50%的人终生诊断为酒精依赖或滥用）。这些男性目前年龄在26-28岁之间，自G2男性9-10岁以来，他们的父母（G1）一直参与OYS。 主要假设是：行为问题的发展是基于家庭互动和社会影响的强迫模式，包括同伴偏差背景。要检查的儿童风险因素包括气质。 我们预计，物质使用的启动将被预测的相关因素的发展行为问题，并在童年时期的父母和同龄人在童年后期接触物质使用的影响。 两个次要的具体目标是检查（1）儿童期同时发生的外化和内化行为的出现，以及这些行为与药物使用早期发作的关联;（2）通过检查青少年性关系的前兆，研究性传播疾病（STD）、人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）和艾滋病风险的代际传递机制。 我们将比较从核心理论方法发展的预测和模型与替代发展模型。特别是，我们将研究是否不安全或胁迫附件，认知缺陷，社会认知技能水平低或偏见可以占额外的方差在发展的行为prolems，越轨的同伴协会，和早期物质使用。我们计划从拟定的研究期开始，通过结合OYS和3GS现有数据集的二级数据分析，并通过收集和分析数据来实现特定目标，这些数据将（1）扩大早期波（1至6，年龄22个月至9岁）的样本量，（2）将研究延长至11岁。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose to study the social transmission of (1) conduct problems and (2) substance use across 3 generations (G1, G2, and G3), and developmental pathways of these behaviors from ages 22 months to 11 years. A dynamic developmental-contextual approach will be used to examine prospectively the transmission of contextual risk and problematic behaviors across 3 generations, and parenting behaviors across 2 generations. Hypotheses will be tested on a community sample of the children of at-risk early adult men (G2) in the Oregon Youth Study (OYS). Up to 2 biological children of the fathers per monther are included in the 3GS study. The OYS men show high levels of antisocial behavior (at age 25 years, 42% had 2 or more arrests) and substance use (estimated 50% lifetime diagnoses for alcohol dependence or abuse). The men are currently 26-28 years old, and with their parents (G1) have been involved in the OYS since the G2 men were 9-10 years old. Main hypotheses re: the development of conduct problems are based on the coercion model of family interaction and social influence, including peer deviancy contexts. Child risk factors to be examined will include temperament. We expect that initiation of substance use will be predicted by factors related to the development of conduct problems, and by the effects of exposure to substance use by parents in childhood and by peers in later childhood. Two secondary specific aims are to examine (1) the emergence of co-occurring externalizing and internalizing behaviors in childhood, and the association of these with early onset of substance use; (2) the mechanisms involved in the intergenerational transmission of risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and AIDS, by examining precursors of adolescent sexual relationships. We will compare prediction and models developed from the core theoretical approach to alternative developmental models. In particular, we will examine whether insecure or coercive attachment, cognitive deficits, and low sociocognitive skill levels or biases can account for additional variance in the development of conduct prolems, deviant peer association, and early substance use. We plan to address the specific aims by a combination of secondary data analysis of the OYS and 3GS extant data sets, from the beginning of the proposed study period, and by collecting and analyzing data that will (1) expand the sample size for the early waves (1 through 6, ages 22 months to 9 years) and (2) extend the study to age 11 years.