Development of Orthographic Knowledge: fMRI Studies

描述（由申请人提供）：理解熟练阅读是如何实现的，是制定改进阅读教育策略的基础，也是识别、治疗和预防阅读和拼写发育缺陷的基础。熟练的阅读是经验和神经生物学基础发展复杂相互作用的结果。对阅读的发育神经生物学的研究可能会对其熟练的表现产生重要的见解。本建议的重点是视觉正字法（即字母）信息与音系的联系，这对阅读技能的习得至关重要。通过扩展，正字法和语音加工之间关系的发育功能神经解剖学特征将为研究典型（和非典型）阅读发展的认知神经科学提供重要背景。本研究旨在识别和描述正字法知识的发展功能解剖，以及单词阅读中涉及的从拼写到发音的翻译过程。首席研究员（PI）是一位受过儿科神经学训练的学术医师兼科学家，专门研究认知发展障碍。虽然PI在发育神经生物学和典型和非典型发育儿童的功能神经影像学方面有丰富的经验，但这项研究职业奖（K02）支持的整合发展心理语言学的额外维度应该为阅读发育神经生物学的机制提供重要的见解，并显著帮助PI进一步发展他的独立研究事业。华盛顿大学拥有认知神经科学方面的优秀资源，可以接触到患者群体，以及发展心理语言学方面的专家研究人员，为PI完成该提案的目标提供了理想的环境。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): An understanding of how skilled reading is achieved is fundamental to generating improved strategies for reading education, and toward identifying, treating, and preventing developmental deficits in reading and spelling. Skilled reading is the consequence of a complex interplay of experience and the development of neurobiological substrates. Investigation of the developmental neurobiology of reading is likely to yield important insight into its skilled performance. This proposal focuses on the linking of visual orthographic (i.e., letters) information to phonology, critical in the acquisition of reading skills. By extension, characterization of the developmental functional neuroanatomy of the relationship between orthographic and phonologic processing will provide an important context for studying the cognitive neuroscience of typical (and atypical) reading development. This proposal aims to identify and characterize the developmental functional anatomy of orthographic knowledge, and of the spelling-to-sound translation processes involved in word reading. The principal investigator (PI) is an academic physician-scientist trained in pediatric neurology and specializing in disorders of cognitive development. Although the PI has substantial experience in developmental neurobiology and the functional neuroimaging of typically and atypically developing children, the added dimension of integrating developmental psycholinguistics supported by this Research Career Award (K02) should provide important insights into mechanisms of the developmental neurobiology of reading and significantly aid the PI in further developing his independent research career. Washington University possesses excellent resources in cognitive neuroscience, access to patient populations, and expert researchers in developmental psycholinguistics and represents an ideal environment for the PI to complete the goals of this proposal.