Development Of Cognitive Activation Tasks For Functional

我们已经开发了各种任务来激活功能性神经成像研究中的感兴趣区域。 1.为了研究情景记忆功能中回忆和熟悉之间的区别，我们开发了一个任务，使用视觉场景，可靠地诱导熟悉为基础的控制错误。 2.我们在一项功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）事件相关研究中评估了邻苯二酚-O-甲基转移酶（COMT）基因型的作用，该研究评估了认知控制对涉及所谓侧翼任务干扰的各种条件的影响。 3.我们开发了一套精心匹配的语言流畅性任务，以研究语义处理，思维障碍，精神分裂症的神经生理学之间的关系，使用PET CBF（正电子发射断层扫描脑血流）的方法。我们发现，下前额叶皮层（PFC）中的一个区域在语义流畅性方面更活跃，并且与精神分裂症的一个典型症状-思维障碍有关。 4.我们正在使用一种新的更新任务，它允许“更新”的量是不同的参数，要求在每个审判中的单个或多个帧的操作。这项技术将使我们能够检查是否有负荷和延迟之间的相互作用，在背外侧前额叶皮层，以及如何以及是否这种相互作用可能涉及不同的细分在前额叶皮层。 5.我们正在探索的功能COMT val 158 met多态性的前扣带回，而从事一种新的注意控制任务的影响。该任务将允许我们比较等位基因效应，瓦尔/瓦尔，瓦尔/met和met/met对额叶皮层中的信噪比和多巴胺能张力。据推测，甲硫氨酸负荷增强多巴胺能效应，这可能反过来提高扣带皮层内的局部回路处理的效率及其在注意控制过程中的功能。 6.我们进行了一项研究，旨在调查的作用下前额叶皮层（IPFC），通过使用语义三元决策任务在功能磁共振成像。IPFC对于在对刺激的意义做出决定时处理竞争性语义信息至关重要。IPFC在这一过程中的具体角色尚不清楚，它是维护还是创建语义组织结构。 7.我们进行了一项事件相关的功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）研究，使用的任务优先涉及干扰监测和抑制或反应抑制。我们的研究结果比较了两种情况下，这表明更大的激活双边在背外侧前额叶皮层，腹外侧前额叶皮层和顶叶皮层在反应抑制和更大的激活在背扣带在干扰监测和抑制扩展以前的研究结果表明区域功能专业化的皮层网络支持认知控制。

We have developed a variety of tasks to activate regions of interest in functional neuroimaging studies. 1. To examine the distinction between recall and familiarity in episodic memory function we have developed a task using visual scenes that reliably induces familiarity based errors in controls. 2. We assessed the role of Catecol-O-methyltransferase(COMT) genotype in a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) event related study which gauged the effects of cognitive control on various conditions involving interference in the so called flanker task. 3. We developed a carefully matched set of verbal fluency tasks to examine the relation between semantic processing, thought disorder, and neurophysiology in schizophrenia using PET CBF (Positron Emission Tomography Cerebral Blood Flow) methods. We found an area in inferior prefrontal cortex (PFC) that was more activated in semantic fluency and correlated with a classic symptom of schizophrenia -- thought disorder. 4. We are using a novel updating task which allows the amount of "updating" to be varied parametrically by demanding operations on single or multiple frames within each trial. This technique will allow us to examine whether there is an interaction between load and delay in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and how and whether such interactions may engage different subdivisions within the prefrontal cortex. 5. We are exploring the effects of the functional COMT val158met polymorphism on anterior cingulate while engaged in a novel attentional control task. The task will allow us to compare the allelic effect, val/val, val/met, and met/met on signal-to-noise ratio and dopaminergic tone in the frontal cortex. It is presumed that the met load enhances the dopaminergic effect which may in turn improve the efficiency of the local circuit processing within the cingulate cortex and its function during attentional control. 6. We performed a study aimed at investigating the role of the inferior prefrontal cortex (IPFC) by using a semantic triadic decision-making task during fMRI. The IPFC is critical for processing competing semantic information when making a decision about the meaning of a stimulus. The specific role of the IPFC in this process is unclear, whether it is maintaining or creating a semantic organizational structure. 7. We conducted an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study using a task preferentially involving interference monitoring and suppression or response inhibition. Our findings compared the two conditions which indicated greater activation bilaterally in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex during response inhibition and greater activation in the dorsal cingulate during interference monitoring and suppression extending previous findings by suggesting regional functional specialization within a cortical network supporting cognitive control.