MATERNAL INFLUENCES ON INFANT FEEDING AND INTAKE REGULATION

这个子项目是利用由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供的资源的许多研究子项目之一。子项目和调查员(PI)可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金，因此可能会出现在其他CRISE条目中。列出的机构是针对中心的，而不一定是针对调查员的机构。在过去的二十年里，婴儿期超重的发生率有所上升。环境因素可能在起作用，因为这种增加发生得太快，不能归因于基因库的变化。超重的婴儿很可能在发育后期继续超重，特别是当父母中的一人或多人体重过重时。父母对婴儿体重状况和发育的贡献的性质尚不清楚；肥胖的父母为他们的后代提供遗传物质和进食环境。婴儿期提供了一个独特的机会来评估喂养做法对能量摄入和生长调节的影响，因为饮食的食物组成相对简单，婴儿的可获得性完全由照顾者控制。婴幼儿已经证明有能力通过根据饮食的能量密度调整摄入量来自我调节能量摄入量。对学龄前儿童的研究表明，喂养互动会导致对儿童自身饥饿和饱满的关注减少，这可能会导致超重。在发育的早期阶段，摄食的相互作用是否可以作为个体在能量摄入调节和体重增加方面的差异的基础尚不清楚。这项拟议研究的主要目的是测试母亲对婴儿饱满或饥饿信号的不敏感程度是否与婴儿自我调节能量摄入的能力受到更大损害以及婴儿出生一年内体重和体脂增加更多有关。第二个目标是评估可能预测母亲对婴儿喂养线索的敏感性的因素，包括母亲的体重状况、喂养方法、母亲对婴儿自我调节摄入量能力的看法，以及母亲对自己饥饿和饱满线索的反应。为了实现这些目标，将在该项目的第一年制定衡量食物摄入量调节和母亲对婴儿饥饿线索的敏感性的措施。这些措施将被用来前瞻性地评估母亲对3、6和12个月大的婴儿的食物摄入量调节和生长的影响。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The prevalence of overweight in infancy has increased over the past two decades. Environmental factors are likely at work as this increase has occurred too rapidly to be attributable to changes in the gene pool. Overweight infants are likely to remain overweight at later points of development, particularly when one or more parent is heavy. The nature of parental contribution to infant weight status and growth remain unclear; heavy parents provide their offspring with both genetic material and the environment in which eating occurs. Infancy provides a unique opportunity to assess the influence of feeding practices on the regulation of energy intake and growth because the food composition of the diet is relatively simple and its availability to the infant is completely controlled by the care giver. Infants and young children have demonstrated ability to self-regulate energy intake by adjusting intake based on the energy density of the diet. Research with pre-school aged children has shown that feeding interactions that result in decreased attention to children's own hunger and fullness may contribute to the development of overweight. Whether feeding interactions may serve as a basis for individual differences in energy intake regulation and weight gain at earlier points in development is unknown. The main goal of the proposed research is to test whether greater levels of maternal insensitivity to infants' fullness or hunger cues are associated with greater impairment of infants' ability to self-regulate energy intake and greater gains in weight and body fat during the first year of life. A secondary goal is to evaluate factors which may predict maternal sensitivity to infant feeding cues including maternal weight status, feeding method, maternal perceptions of the infant's ability to self-regulate intake and mothers' responsiveness to her own hunger and fullness cues. To address these goals, measures of food intake regulation and maternal sensitivity to infant hunger cues will be developed in the first year of the project. These measures will be used to prospectively evaluate maternal influences on infant food intake regulation and growth in a sample of infants seen at 3, 6, and 12 months of age.