Daily Stress and Well-Being during Adulthood

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案旨在支持对第一次全国性日常压力源和幸福感纵向研究的分析。生物标志物和自我报告的压力相结合，研究个人和群体的差异，在成年期的福祉变化。具体目标是：1）描述10年来日常压力因素多个方面之间联系的变化（例如，频率，内容，严重程度，评估的威胁）和日常幸福感; 2）检查个人特征，包括社会人口因素和个性，如何预测暴露于日常压力源以及对这些压力源的身体和情绪反应的变化;和3）调查同时和累积暴露于日常压力源如何破坏唾液皮质醇的昼夜节律并导致下游健康结果。这些目标将通过分析第二波的国家研究的日常经验（NINDIA）约10年后的第一波。NATIONAL I是一项为期8天的电话日记研究，研究对象为1483名年龄在25-74岁之间的美国成年人，包括1996年进行的10，389次每日访谈。NATURAL II重复了8天方案，增加了对相同受访者以及非裔美国人补充样本的每日皮质醇的多次评估（4次X4天）。预计将有2,000名受访者，NATIONAL II将是最大的昼夜唾液皮质醇实地研究。Nynga受访者是美国两波中年调查（MIDUS）的代表性子样本。一套丰富的前瞻性和并发的社会人口，身体健康和人格的MIDUS I和II调查评估的措施，将被用来预测的变化，暴露和身体和情绪的反应，以日常压力在NMEI和II。来自MIDUS II生物项目的数据将与NIGHTI和II的日常数据相关联，以研究暴露模式和对日常压力源的反应如何与免疫标志物，内分泌功能和心血管健康的测量相关。多种日常压力源，个人特征和生物措施的结合允许一个独特的机会，以显示个人的特点和经验，在他们的日常生活中如何创造健康和福祉的途径。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal seeks support for the analysis of the first national longitudinal study of daily stressors and well-being. Biomarkers and self-reports of stress are combined to study individual and group differences in change in well-being during adulthood. Specific aims are: 1) To describe change over 10 years in links between multiple aspects of daily stressors (e.g., frequency, content, severity, appraised threat) and daily well-being; 2) To examine how personal characteristics, including sociodemographic factors and personality, predict change in exposure to daily stressors and in physical and emotional reactivity to these stressors; and 3) To investigate how concurrent and cumulative exposure to daily stressors disrupt diurnal rhythms of salivary cortisol and lead to downstream health outcomes. These aims will be addressed by analyzing the second wave of the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE) approximately 10 years after wave one. NSDE I was an 8-day telephone diary study of 1483 adults ranging in age from 25-74 years of a U.S. national sample comprised of 10,389 daily interviews conducted in 1996. NSDE II repeats the 8-day protocol with the addition of multiple assessments of daily cortisol (4 occasions X 4 days) on the same respondents as well as a supplemental sample of African Americans. With 2,000 anticipated respondents, NSDE II will be the largest field study of diurnal salivary cortisol. NSDE respondents are a representative subsample of the two-wave Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) survey. A rich set of prospective and concurrent sociodemographic, physical health, and personality measures assessed by the MIDUS I and II surveys will be used to predict change in exposure and physical and emotional reactivity to daily stressors in NSDE I and II. Data from the MIDUS II biological project will be linked with NSDE I and II daily data to examine how patterns of exposure and reactivity to daily stressors correlate with measures of immune markers, endocrine functioning, and cardiovascular health. The combination of multiple daily stressors, personal characteristics, and biological measures permits a unique opportunity to show how characteristics of individuals and experiences in their daily lives create pathways to health and well-being.