INBRE-2 ECOLOGY OF AVIAN INFLUENZA ? EPIZOOTIOLOGY, MICROBIAL COMMUNITY ECOLOGY

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 在过去十年中，禽类携带的流感已经作为一种人畜共患病病原体在世界范围内出现，对世界健康具有潜在的破坏性影响(Holmes等人，2005年)。与亚洲H5N1流感传播有关的候鸟，每年两次跨越广阔的距离，接触到广泛的栖息地，其中许多是人类栖息地的一部分。虽然仍有大量工作集中在每年导致全球数千人死亡的常见人类流感亚型上，但现在人们意识到，人类和其他动物中的许多常见毒株可能来自于在野生鸟类中传播的大量病毒库。不幸的是，尽管对野生鸟类进行了多年的监测，科学界对野生鸟类感染和传播的自然历史和生态学知之甚少(Causey和Edwards，2009)。流感病毒的生态学包括三个领域的广泛理解：1)病毒在个体之间的时空传播(流行病学)；2)病毒所处的生物地球化学环境；3)宿主-病原体界面(包括禽类宿主内感染的动态)。为了了解自然界中病毒的生态，我们必须了解病毒在宿主群体中的流行病(当前的研究重点)。然而，流感的流行病学同样受到宿主内病毒感染动态的直接影响。在自然界中，我们预计感染的动态可能会被宿主的生物和生物地球化学环境以及进入该宿主的病毒强烈改变。在自然界中，与人类潜在接触区的感染动态包括与其他人畜共患病原体和与毒物混合感染的潜在影响。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. In the last ten years influenza carried by birds has taken a worldwide stage as a zoonotic pathogen with potentially devastating effects on world health (Holmes et al., 2005). Migratory birds, implicated in the spread of Asian H5N1 influenza, cover vast distances twice a year, coming into contact with a wide range of habitats, many of them part of human habitats. While a great deal of work remains focused on common human subtypes of influenza which cause thousands of deaths worldwide each year, it is now realized that many of the common strains in humans and other animals may have derived from the vast pool of viruses circulating in wild birds. Unfortunately, despite years of surveillance in wild birds the scientific community understands very little about the natural history and ecology of infection and transmission in wild birds (Causey and Edwards, 2009). The ecology of the influenza virus encompasses a broad understanding in three realms: 1) the transmission of virus in space and time between individuals (epizootiology) 2) the biogeochemical environment in which the virus resides and 3) the host-pathogen interface (encompassing the dynamics of infection within the avian host). To understand the ecology of the virus in the natural world, we must understand the epizootiology of the virus in host populations (current focus of research). However, the epizootiology of influenza is likewise influenced directly by the dynamics of viral infection within the host. In the natural world, we expect the dynamic of infection could be strongly modified by the biological and biogeochemical environment of the host and the virus that gains entry to that host. In the natural world, the dynamics of infection in potential contact zones with humans includes the potential effects of co-infection with other zoonotic pathogens and with toxicants.