Ontogeny and neural basis of social visual engagement in monkeys

孤独症是一种在早期阶段出现的， disorder.因此，增加对典型发展的关键时期的知识， 社会技能的出现和成熟，以及这些技能的神经生物系统， 为进一步了解早期诊断的神经生物学来源提供了前所未有的机会 自闭症的标志物虽然早期研究人类社会能力的先驱者 婴儿期在过去几年中显著增加，神经基质的关键信息， 支持这些早期发展的社会技能仍然缺乏。其中一个主要原因是 对婴儿期的大脑进行神经成像，并研究整个发育过程中的大脑行为相关性 使用纵向研究。因此，翻译研究必然是这一领域的知识来源 研究人类和动物模型。恒河猴提供了一个非凡的机会 在这一领域，（1）他们发展和航行的丰富而复杂的社会结构，（2） 发展正常社会关系所需的基本社会技能的逐步发展，以及（3） 与人类在大脑和认知功能发育方面的相似性。因此，目标1将遵循 纵向社会视觉参与过程的发展，包括注意，检测和 在正常发育的恒河猴从出生到6个月的社会信号的整合，使用 神经心理学“标记”任务类似于典型和非典型人群中使用的任务 （项目一）以促进跨物种比较。这将允许定义重要的关键时期， 这些过程的出现和完善。目的2将在相同动物中研究成熟的 使用非侵入性神经成像， 程序.这些对正常发育的恒河猴的研究将提供无与伦比的信息 以及一个重要的非人灵长类动物模型，可用于进一步研究基因行为 相关性和治疗性干预。 相关性（参见说明）： 这一多方面的项目将提供急需的关于社会发展的规范性数据， 用于评估转基因猴表型的参与和生态有效程序 并验证其作为自闭症动物模型的相关性（项目IV），并在未来的研究中评估 潜在治疗这个创新项目将显著影响研究的原因，神经基础， 不仅是自闭症的潜在治疗方法，也是与自闭症相关的其他人类发育障碍的潜在治疗方法。 非典型的社交技能

Autism is a disorder deflned by altered engagement with the social worid that emerges at eariy stages ofthe disorder. Thus, increase knowledge on the crifical periods of typical development during which these eariy social skills emerge and mature and on the underiying neurobiological systems that underiie these skills will give unprecedented opportunity to further understand the neurobiological source of the eariy diagnosis markers of autism. Although research examining the precursors of human social abilities during eariy infancy has significantly increased in the last few years, critical information on the neural substrates that support these eariy developing social skills is still lacking. One ofthe main reasons being the limitafions in neuroimaging the human brain in infancy, and to study brain-behavior relafionship across development using longitudinal studies. Thus, knowledge in this domain must emerge from translational research examining both human populafions and animal models. Rhesus monkeys provide a remarkable opportunity in this domain given (1) the rich and complex social structure in which they develop and navigate, (2) the progressive development of the basic social skills required to develop normal social relationships, and (3) the similarity with humans in brain and cognitive functions development. Thus, Aim 1 will follow longitudinally the development of social visual engagement processes, including attenfion to, detection and integrafion of social signals in normally developing rhesus monkeys from birth to 6 months, using neuropsychological "marker" tasks similar to those employed in the typical and atypical human population (Project I) to facilitate cross-species comparisons. This will allow defining significant crifical periods during which these processes emerge and refine. Aim 2 will investigate in the same animals the maturafional changes in brain networks mediafing these basic social processes using noninvasive neuroimaging procedures. These studies on the normally developing rhesus monkeys will provide unparalleled information and a critical non-human primate model that could be used for further invesfigafions targeting gene-behavior relafionships and therapeutic intervenfions. RELEVANCE (See instructions): This multifaceted project will provide much needed normative data on the development of social engagement and ecologically valid procedures to be used to assess the phenotype of transgenic monkeys and validate their relevance as an animal model of autism (Project IV) and in future studies to assess potential treatment. This innovafive project will significantly impact studies of the causes, neural bases, and potential treatment not only for autism but also for other human developmental disorders associated with atypical social skills.